Herreshoff #187106es Shadow

Mr. N. G. Herreshoff writes to the New Bedford Standard: 'My attention has been called to an article in your issue of Aug. 10 [1879] over signature of Lewis Temple, in which the invention of the yacht Shadow's lines is claimed for Dr. Sisson. I am not usually swayed by what is printed in newspapers, nor do I think this claim, false as it is, will be credited by any yachtsman; but this seems a case where one's duty to the public and self demands that the truth should be known. I modelled the Shadow in each and every particular, and her then peculiar lines had been in process of development in my mind for more than a year before I knew that such a person as Dr. Sisson existed. One year before the Shadow was built I cut two preliminary ones of her same character --- notably a schooner yacht about 90ft. long, which model can now be seen. If I remember rightly her name, Shadow, was suggested by Mr. John B. Hussey, of your city, some time before she was launched. It is true that there was a time of dissatisfaction on the part of Dr. Sisson when the Shadow was finished and about to be delivered. He at first refused to accept the yacht because her builders had departed so far from the usual type, or to use his words as I remember them, 'Were experimenting at his expense.' " (Source: Herreshoff, N. G. "Shadow." Forest and Stream, September 15, 1887, p. 154.)

"Letter from N. G. Herreshoff to Mr. Foster
... But both rather interesting, as showing changes in type that were going on in those days.
My first race under the E. Y. C. was in early Summer of 1872 when I sailed Shadow against Malcolm Forbes' White Cap. Shadow was designed by me and was of rather unusual type. She was 35 1/2' on deck, 3 3/4' w. l., 14' 4" beam and 5' 6" deep. Draft of water, without centreboard 4' 9". Her midship section was something like this: [sketch]
The freeboard quite low and nearly 6" hollow between bridge and keel. The yacht was built for a Dr. Sisson of New Bedford in 1871 by John B. Herreshoff and at the time I sailed her was owned by Mr. Howland of New Bedford. White Cap was designed by 'Bob' Fish and built for the Livingston brothers in 1867 or 1868, and like most of Bob Fish's designs was of quite shallow centreboard type and very fast. Her dimensions were very nearly the same as Shadow with a little more length on deck. The race started outside of Marblehead Rock in quite a moderate S. S. E. breeze which gave a beat to windward. White Cap was a little ahead and she began gaining slowly. Our club topsail was too large and could not be sheeted flat, so after getting sail needles and twine ready, we lowered it and sewed in a 'reef' along the foot. By the time we had it re-set White Cap was out to windward fully 1/8 mile, but we began gaining and had a very substantial lead at the weather mark, which we held to the finish.
This race and a match race between the boats in Buzzards Bay later in the season, indicated an advantage by a hull that is deeper and of more displacement, even if the ballast is all stowed inside. The following year, Shadow was bought by Dr. John Bryant and under his handling was an unbeaten yacht for 15 years. Then Papoose, designed by Edward Burgess for Charles F. Adams and brother and having all outside ballast, vanquished Shadow easily.
...Sincerely yours,
Nathanael G. Herreshoff" (Source: Herreshoff, Nathanael Greene. Letter to Charles H. W. Foster, ca. 1931. Quoted in Foster, Charles H. W. The Eastern Yacht Club Ditty Box, 1870-1900. Norwood, Mass., 1932, p. 39-41.)

"Dear Mr. Foster,
In reply to your interesting letter of the second [March 2, 1932], perhaps it will be necessary to go back into the '60's to trace the development of Shadow and Gloriana. My father always advocated boats of good displacement. His own boats, built for his own pleasure, were all vessels of the heavily ballasted keel type (1834-1860). So, when my brother John began building, the larger ones were with more than the prevailing amount of displacement. I was, therefore, brought up in that type, and I can remember, in my early racing, we always would defeat the shallower type from 'Up Sound' and New York as easily in light winds as in fresh ones. ...
Shadow was from a study model I made in the pattern shop of the Corliss Steam Engine Company in 1870 while I was employed as draftsman, after leaving 'Tech.' My idea at the time was to shape the hull so the ballast would be lower, have the bilges practially out of water so as to get easy lines when the vessel is upright, and great beam that would give stability when heeled in a breeze. My brother, and also my father, were well-impressed with the model so, when John had an order to build a yacht for a New Bedford doctor, it was decided to use this study model. At that time, the mention of placing ballast outside the hull was frowned upon, as it would surely make a vessel logy, and cause loss of rig if rough water is encountered. ...
Sincerely yours,
Nathanael G. Herreshoff" (Source: Herreshoff, Nathanael Greene. Letter to Charles H. W. Foster, dated March 6, 1932. Quoted in Foster, Charles H. W. The Eastern Yacht Club Ditty Box, 1870-1900. Norwood, Mass., 1932, p 139-141.)

"SHADOW. [She] was designed by me and [the] model [was] made at the Corliss Steam Engine Company pattern shop in November, 1870. [She was] built in the following winter by John for Dr. Sisson of New Bedford. In the year 1871, Dr. Sisson did not do much with her, and sold her to Mr. Charles Randall of New Bedford. In 1872, I sailed SHADOW twice for Mr. Randall against WHITE CAP, then owned by J. Malcom Forbes and demonstrated her [SHADOW'S] remarkable sailing qualities. She was finally owned by Dr. John Bryant, and with his sailing was an unbeaten boat for fifteen years and took a great many prizes. SHADOW was about 36' o.a., 33 1/2' w.l., 14 1/4' beam and about 5 1/2' deep with hollow sections nearly full length and bilges almost all above waterline. The centerboard was 11'6" long and 12'3" from woodends, 40'6" above deck, masthead 5', topmast 16'9", bowsprit to stay 16" to woodends. Mainsail 38' foot, 27' hoist, 21' head 43'6" leech = 740 square feet area. Jib 25' foot, 38' luff, 29' leech, = 361 square feet, club topsail 27' foot, 30' luff, 19' leech = 235 square feet. Total of three = 1336 square feet." (Source: Herreshoff, N. G. "Boats and Yachts that I have been Especially Interested in by Sailing and Some of Which I Have Owned." Bristol, April 1932. In: Pinheiro, Carlton J. (ed.). Recollections and Other Writings by Nathanael G. Herreshoff. Bristol, 1998, p. 106.)

"In the fall of 1870, I made a study model in the Corliss Pattern Shop, and John, having an order for a yacht of corresponding size, and both John and my father approving of my model, John decided to build from it. The yacht was named SHADOW, length overall thirty-five feet, waterline about thirty-three feet, beam of fourteen feet four inches, with considerable hollow in sections, draft about four and one-half feet and centerboard. She proved a remarkable boat and took many prizes. She was an unbeaten boat for over fifteen years." (Source: Herreshoff, N. G. "The Old Tannery and my Brother John." Written July 28, 1933. In: Pinheiro, Carlton J. (ed.). Recollections and Other Writings by Nathanael G. Herreshoff. Bristol, 1998, p. 24.)

"I sailed SHADOW, a noted thirty-six foot overall, thirty-three foot waterline sloop I had designed [in] 1869-70, in two important races for Charles Randall in 1872, and won." (Source: Herreshoff, N. G. "Some of the Boats I Have Sailed In. " Written 1934. In: Pinheiro, Carlton J. (ed.). Recollections and Other Writings by Nathanael G. Herreshoff. Bristol, 1998, p. 49.)

"June 19, 1935
Dear Mr. Stephens, ...
Referring to outside ballast. My great-uncle James Brown of Providence, and son of John Brown, merchant and one of the brothers of Brown that founded Brown University - was very fond of sailing. He had a boat that I think was two-masted and he fitted her with a heavy iron keel to take place of the usual inside ballast. This was at about close of 18th century. The experiment was not considered a success, as it made the boat uneasy in a sea and strained the hull and so was abandoned. Probably too heavily ballasted for size and strength of rig.
With this experiment in mind, my father would warn us boys not to put ballast on keel reminding us of his uncle's experiment. My designed SHADOW that won about 150 prizes in her career from 1872 to 1887 had all ballast inside and was not beaten until Edward Burgess' designed yacht PAPOOSE with all ballast outside came out and sailed by Adams brothers. My first outside ballasted was CONSUELO, 1883. Later, JULIA had some of her ballast put in keel.
Very truly yours,
N.G. Herreshoff" (Source: Letter 6. From N. G. Herreshoff to W. P. Stephens, dated June 19, 1935. In: Herreshoff, Nathanael Greene and William Picard Stephens. "Their Last Letters 1930-1938." Annotated by John W. Streeter. Bristol, R. I., ca. 1999, p. 35-38.)

"Referring to outside ballast, my great uncle, James Brown, of Providence, son of John Brown, merchant and one of the brothers who founded Brown University, was very fond of sailing. He had a boat that I think was two-masted, and he fitted her with a heavy iron keel to take the place of the usual inside ballast; this was about the close of the 18th Century. The experiment was not considered a success, as it made the boat uneasy in a sea and strained the hull, so it was abandoned; she was probably too heavily ballasted for her size and strength of rig and hull.
With this experiment in mind, my father would warn us boys not to put ballast on the keel. My designed Shadow had all her ballast inside and was not beaten for 16 years, until Edward Burgess designed Papoose with all ballast outside, and sailed by the Adams brothers. My first yacht with outside ballast was Consuelo in 1883; later Julia had some of her ballast placed on her keel.
...
In 1870, while employed by the Corliss Steam Engine Company, I designed the Shadow, a 36 1/2-foot overall sloop yacht built by my brother, John in 1871 for a New Bedford man. After a few years she became the property of John Bryant and was an unbeaten yacht in her class until 1887 when Edward Burgess designed and had built Papoose for the Adams brothers. In her career Shadow accumulated between 140 and 150 prizes, and it is interesting to record that during the greater part or possibly all of this period Shadow sailed her races with the original sails made by the aforementioned Jonathan Alger. These were used only during a race and then carefully stowed away.
Shadow was the original of the type of model Edward Burgess so successfully carried out in Puritan and the following cup defenders, except that they had much of their ballast in lead castings attached to the keel, while Shadow had all her ballast inside. Soon after their marriage Mr. Burgess and his wife passed the summer in Bristol, and we were very often together. I had at that time recently made a model for a yacht, to be an improvement on Shadow. Ned Burgess was greatly pleased with this model, and every time he came in would ask to see the 'perfect model.' The accompanying section lines were taken directly from this model with a pantograph and are interesting to compare with Puritan's as shown in Mr. Stephens' paper." (Source: Herreshoff, Nathanael G. Discussion of W. P. Stephens' "Yacht Measurement - Origin and Development." In: SNAME (The Society Of Naval Architects And Marine Engineers). Transactions. Volume 43, 1935, p. 34-36. New York, 1936.)

"I will say a few words about Shadow. She was designed by my father in 1870 and built by my uncle, J. B. Herreshoff. She was 36 1/2 feet overall and practically an unbeaten boat in her class until 1887 when Edward Burgess designed Papoose for the Adams brothers. In her career Shadow accumulated about an hundred and fifty prizes but I credit some of her success to the Bryant family of Boston who took good care of her and had one of the best eastern professionals sail her. Shadow made a name for herself early in her career. It seems a match race was arranged with another yacht of about her size for rather high stakes; the race was in Buzzard's Bay and my father had been persuaded to sail her. During the race they encountered great changes of weather --- flat calm, thunder squall and a brisk breeze. Shadow each time, through luck or good seamanship, reduced or increased her sail just the right amount for the coming weather and her opponent each time did just the wrong thing so that Shadow beat her an enormous amount. My father in his old age got great enjoyment in telling the story of this exciting race." (Source: Herreshoff, L. Francis. The Common Sense of Yacht Design. Vol. II. New York, 1948, p. 39.)

"The most notable sailboat of his early design was the 'Shadow' which he made the model for in the pattern shop of the Corliss Steam Engine Company in November 1870. Captain Nat's written description of 'Shadow' is as follows:
'Shadow' was about 36' O.A., 33'6' W.L., 14'3' beam, and about 5' 6' deep, with hollow sections nearly full length, and bilge almost all above water line. The centerboard was 11' 6' long and 12' 6' from wood ends (bow); mast 9' from bow, 40' 6' above deck. Mast head 5', topmast 16' 9'; bowsprit from stem 16'. Mainsail 38' foot, 27' hoist, 21' head, 43' 6' leach = 740 sq. ft. Jib 25' foot, 38' luff, 29' leach = 361 sq. ft. Club topsail 27', 30' luff, 19' leach = 235 sq. ft. Total of three sails 1336 sq. ft.
... The principal reason 'Shadow' is famous is that she is considered the first of the so-called 'compromise yachts,' the type that Edward Burgess perfected in 'Puritan' and 'Mayflower.'
Around 1875 our American yachts were wide, shallow vessels while the English, under their tonnage rules which measured beam twice, had developed the so-called 'cutter model' which was deep and narrow. Typical sections of a cutter, an American sloop, and the 'Shadow,' shows that 'Shadow' was someway half between or what later was called a 'compromise type.' To be sure, 'Shadow' did not look very different above water from other American sloops of her time, but she was surely a shadow of coming events with her wine-glass sections below water. During the cutter-sloop controversy in the eighteen-eighties 'Shadow' was the only American yacht that held the imported English cutters.
During 'Shadow' 's first years, Captain Nat sailed her in several important races, some of which he liked to review in after life. He used to say one of the reasons for her success was that she had a nearly perfect suit of sails made by Jonathan Alger, an old time Bristol sail maker. He did not seem to think the low, full gar-boards of 'Shadow' such a revolutionary feature, and when asked why he modeled her that way would say: 'simply to get her ballast lower.' (She had all inside ballast.) He would also sometimes say: 'Shadow' is a direct descendant of the old Narragansett Bay boats which carried their ballast low and frequently beat the shallower boats of New York.' However, I assume he thought a lot of the model of 'Shadow' for this was one of only two of his models on a backboard, and it also had a frame around the backboard. After the first few years 'Shadow' was owned by Dr. John Bryant and under his management was an almost unbeaten boat for fifteen years, accumulating, I believe, about one hundred and forty prizes altogether." (Source: Herreshoff, L. Francis. The Wizard of Bristol. The Life and Achievements of Nathanael Greene Herreshoff, together with An Account of Some of the Yachts he Designed. New York, 1953, p. 83-85.)

"There was launched from the yard of Mr. John B. Herreshoff, on Saturday [November 26, 1870] last, a fine yacht built for Dr. Sisson, of New Bedford. The yacht is thirty-six feet in length by fourteen feet breadth of beam." (Source: Anon. "Local Tintypes." Bristol Phoenix, December 3, 1870, p. 2.)

"... Dr. Sisson's yacht, the Shadow, is now fitting out and rigging. She is of new model differing in many respects from the usual style and very satisfactory results are expected of her." (Source: Anon. "Bristol Steam Fishing Company And Their New Steamer. Yachting Items." Bristol Phoenix, April 29, 1871, p. 2.)

"On Thursday, Aug. 10 [1871], a very interesting race took place in Buzzard's Bay between the sloops White Cap and Shadow. The White Cap was modeled by Mr. Fish of New York, and was formerly owned by Mr. Anson Livingston of Staten Island, who has won in her all the prizes of her class in the New York and Atlantic Yacht Clubs' regattas for the last two years. She is now the property of Mr. J. M. Forbes of Boston, but is kept at his island of Naushon, in Buzzard's Bay. The White Cap measures 37 feet in length over all, 14 feet in breadth, and draws 3 feet and 9 inches. She took the first prize in the Boston city regatta this year, having twenty-one boats to contend against including the well-known sloops Violet [#186606es] and Clytie [#186701es]. The Shadow was built last winter by Mr. Herreshoff of Bristol for Dr. E. R. Sisson of New Bedford, and it was thought that she would beat all boats of her size, so that the race on Thursday, which was to decide the question, caused much interest among yachtsmen of New Bedford and the vicinity. She measures 36 feet and 6 inches in length over all, by 14 feet and 6 inches in breadth, and draws 5 feet without her centreboard. She has beaten all craft of her size in New Bedford up to this time, and is certainly a fast boat.
The captains agreed to make no allowance of time, as the boats were so nearly of a size, and not to carry balloon-jibs. The course began at Uncatena Point which lies half a mile west of Wood's Hole, and extended around Cormorant Rock, off Mattapoisett, then south of the black-can buoy, off West Island, to Wilkes Ledge, which is south of Dauphin Light, and then return to the starting point. At twenty minutes to 12 o'clock the signal was given, and the sloops got under way with mainsail and jibs set. The White Cap soon took the lead, but when half across the bay she set her gaff topsail, which buried her too much and gave the Shadow the advantage of position. The Shadow rounded Cormorant Rock one minute and a quarter ahead, but this distance was lessened by the White Cap before they arrived at the can buoy off West Island. On rounding the latter both boats kept up for Wilkes Ledge, but as they got further into the bay the wind came out more ahead and blew much fresher. After running for some time without gaining on the Shadow, Captain Forbes took in a single reef in his mainsail in order to make his boat take the chop sea easier, and it soon proved an advantage and gave her the lead at the windward buoy, which she turned two lengths ahead, and at the same time took out her reef and set the jib topsail, and later, her gaff topsail. The Shadow had some trouble in setting her jib topsail, but soon had it set together with her gaff topsail. Then came a good chance to try the boats running home, twelve miles with the wind free. The White Cap very gradually drew away from her competitor, and came in just two minutes ahead, as taken by the timekeeper at the stake. The time of arrival was nine and eleven minutes to 4 o'clock, making the time of the race for the winning boat four hours and eleven minutes, over a course of about twenty-five miles.
The race was witnessed throughout by a large number of spectators in yachts of all sizes from the neighborhood." (Source: Anon (Rudder). "Yacht Race In Buzzard's Bay." Spirit of the Times, August 26, 1871, p. 26.)

"The sloop Shadow has been sold by Mr. C. J. Sisson to Mr. C. J. Randall, of New Bedford. The Shadow measures about 37ft. on the water line and belongs to the Eastern Yacht Club." (Source: Anon. "Intercommunication." Hunt's Yachting Magazine, September 1872, p. 502.)

"OF late years the name of Herreshoff has been so closely associated with steam that the earlier successes of the form are little thought of, but none of the latter efforts of the famous brothers have brought more fame, nor more deservedly, than the yacht Shadow, whose lines, never before published, we give herewith. Built in 1871, she is still in the racing after seventeen years, during which time she has fully proved her superiority to all the centerboard boats of her class, while to-day, when the American centerboard sloop has disappeared from racing, Shadow alone remains to represent the type. Why she has held the first place for so long, and why she still is in the racing, when the rest have withdrawn in favor of more modern craft, are questions of the greatest interest, but the answer to both is evident on an inspection of the lines. Speaking broadly to-day, when all minor distinctions have disappeared in the great issue of sloop vs. cutter, Shadow may be taken as a typical American sloop; but if we look into her characteristics more closely and compare her with the best boats of her day, the sloop of fifteen years since, the great difference between them is apparent. The draft for a yacht of Shadow's length at that time was about 3ft or 8ft. 6in., while the leading characteristics were shoal body, moderate deadrise and a hard bilge. In marked opposition to these are the distinctive features of Shadow, an extreme draft of 5ft, 4in., a great proportionate depth of body, a large angle of deadrise and a light bilge, while her lead ballast stowed close to the skin was very much lower than in the flatter boats. With this strong combination of inital [sic] elements selected the builders added their skill and knowledge in arranging all minor details of the design, so that the boat was not only of a far more advanced type, but she realized more fully the inherent advantages of her type. Her large area of load water plane, great depth of body and the consequent low position of her ballast and high center of buoyancy insured a maximum of stability, while the form itself is easy with fair waterlines and a clean run on the buttock lines.
DIMENSIONS AND ELEMENTS OF SHADOW.
Length over all 37ft. 1in.
Length l.w.l 34t, 2in.
Beam, extreme 14ft.4in.
Beam l.w.1 13ft. 1in.
Draft, extreme 5ft. 4in.
Draft with board 12ft.
Displacement tons, short 15.6 tons.
Ballast inside, tons, short 5.3 tons.
Load water plane, area 301 sq.ft.
Midship section, area 34,53sq. ft.
C.B. from stem 19.42ft.
C.B. from stem 19ft.
Mast from stem 10ft. 3 1/2in.
Mast, deck to hounds 34ft. 6in.
Mast, diameter at deck 10 1/2in.
Masthead 4ft. 6in.
Topmast, fid to sheave 18ft.
Boom 40ft.
Gaff 22ft.6in.
Bowsprit, outboard 18ft.
Topsail yards 27 and 20ft.
Area of mainsail 984sq. ft.
Area of jib 358sq. ft.
Area of working topsail 162sq. ft.
Area of club topsail 342sq. ft.
Area of jib topsail 370sq. ft.
Area of lower sails 1342sq. ft.
While her record entitles her to be called a racing boat, Shadow has been used by all her owners as a cruising craft, and she has good accommodations for a boat of her type. The cabin is large, with double berths on the two lockers and about 5ft. 6in. headroom. The centerboard rises through the trunk as shown, the opening being closed by a hinged lid when the board is lowered. The galley is fairly roomy, though of course lacking in the matter of height. There is a large cockpit aft, the steering being done with a wheel. The rig is that of a sloop with single jib, a storm jib being set on a shifting stay, set up at will to the eye on the band of the preventer bobstay. The jib sheets lead from an eye-bolt between the shrouds, through block on jib. then through fair-leader on rail, as shown, and to cleat aft. The present topmast houses and is rather long for the old sloop rig, but in other respects there is little departure from it. It would be interesting to know all the influences that worked on the builders to produce a boat so different from the majority at that time, but the accounts all vary. At any rate they produced a boat that was not only better than any of her contemporaries, but that has held her racing life after the others have ended theirs and withdrawn from the contest. Shadow was built at Bristol, R. I., in 1871, for Dr. E. R. Sisson, of New Bedford. He sold her to Mr. C. S. Randall of the same city, who in turn disposed of her to Mr. Tucker Daland. For the past dozen years she has been owned by Dr. John Bryant, of Boston, a member of the E. Y. C. who, with other amateurs, has sailed her in most of the races open to her during that time. Her skipper for some years has been Capt. Aubrey Crocker, of Puritan fame, and to his skill and care a part of her success is certainly due. Shadow enjoys the distinction of winning the only match lost by the cutter Madge, beating the latter in one race off Newport in 1881, and losing one race to her." (Source: Anon. (W. P. Stephens) "Shadow." Forest and Stream, July 28, 1887, p. 14-15.)

"I think it no more than fair that a true statement of how the Shadow came to be built, should he given to the public. Dr. E. R. Sisson, who is considered one of the best local yachtsmen hereabout, employed his brother-in-law, Nathan Sears, a boat builder, to cut a model for a sloop yacht, which the doctor talked of building. The model was executed and accepted by Dr. Sisson, who gave Mr. Sears the dimensions. The doctor being desirous that the Herreshoff's should build the yacht, a run was taken down to Bristol, when the subject was brought to the attention of these celebrated builders, who informed him that they never built yachts after any other person's model. The doctor wishing to build from the dimensions in his model, asked if they would build on the lines named by him (Sisson), they to cut a model. This the brothers consented to do, and when the lines were given them they ridiculed the idea of building a yacht of the dimensions named, saying that a yacht built according to the plans would prove useless as far as speed was concerned. They rather demurred from undertaking the task, but the doctor insisted, and the Herreshoffs agreed to build for a certain sum. The yacht was finished, and when Dr. Sisson went to Bristol to take possession he found that they had charged him several hundred dollars more than agreed, and he would not take her. Finally the Herreshoffs, who had little faith in the craft, came down from their high horse and Dr. Sisson took the yacht as per contract. He brought her to this port, named her Shadow, and while owned by him sailed her in several races, when she was proven to be a fast sailer. In justice to Dr. Sisson, I think this brief sketch of how the Shadow came to be built should be stated, as a perusal of the article in the Forest and Stream would lead yachtsmen to think that the Herreshoffs were the originators of this fast sloop, which has such a wonderful record. Take the lines of the far-famed [Burgess-designed] Puritan and compare them with those of the Shadow, and it will be seen that they are an outcome from the plans originating with Dr. Sisson, the Shadow being the first deep draft center-board yacht built in this country. --- Lewis Temple in New Bedford Standard." (Source: Anon. "Shadow." Forest And Stream, August 18, 1887, p. 75.)

"[Note: See letter by N. G. Herreshoff, refuting Lewis Temple's claim.]" (Source: Herreshoff, N. G. "Shadow." Forest and Stream, September 15, 1887, p. 154.)

"We publish the following at the request of Mr. Lewis Temple, whose first statement in regard to Shadow has been questioned. The letter was sent by Mr. Temple some time since, but was not received until recently. 'To the Editor of the New Bedford Standard: It seems to be a knotty question as to the origin of this celebrated sloop model [#187106es Shadow]. Had I known that Mr. Lewis Temple was to have published his article of 'credit to whom credit is due,' in reference to the origin of the Shadow, I should have asked him not to; but in the main what he said is true, the Herreshoffs to the contrary, especially about the high horse. Mr. N. G. Herreshoff said to me while his brother John B. Herreshoff was building the Shadow, and one year and a half afterward, that he did not think as much of the Shadow's model as he did of the Clytie's [#186701es]. As far as my knowledge goes in the matter of lines held by present and semi-past modellers, there is but little that is new. Most of us remember the Baltimore clippers of some years since; compare these lines with the present and you find nothing but a modification. A little more depth, more canvas, and leaded keel, and you have it about all. I acknowledge, as I always have, that John B. Hussey suggested the name Shadow, and feel sure that but one knows better than he how suggestive that name was of the little intrinsic value she proved to me. Very truly, E. R. Sisson." [Note: Sisson was Shadow's first owner.] (Source: Sisson, E. R. "Shadow." Forest and Stream, February 2, 1888, p. 35.)

"[Shadow (Sail, C. B.) owned by John Bryant, Port: Boston; LOA 36.6ft; LWL 33.10ft; Beam 14.4ft; Draft 5.4ft; designed by J. B. Herreshoff and built by J. B. Herreshoff in 1871.]" (Source: Stebbins 1888 Yachtsmen's Souvenir, p. 34.)

"The 'Shadow' is one of the most famous of American yachts. She is a centreboard boat, and was designed and built by the Herreshoffs of Bristol, R. I., in 1871. Her length over all is 36.7 feet; length, l.w.l., 33.7 feet; beam, 14.4 feet; draught, 5.3 feet. In her twenty years of existence the 'Shadow' has remained steadily at the head of her class, and is still able to make a good race with the modern built craft. She was built for Dr. Sisson of New Bedford, Mass., and was by him sold to Mr. C. S Randall of the same city. Mr. Caspar Crowninshield of Boston was her next owner and he in turn sold her to Mr. Tucker Daland of Boston. Dr. John Bryant of Boston bought the 'Shadow' in 1874, and has owned her ever since. Dr. Bryant, with Aubrey Crocker of Cohasset, Mass., as skipper, and a picked ed amateur crew, has sailed the 'Shadow' to many a victory. Under his ownership she has won between 130 and 140 first prizes, winning nearly every race she sailed for many years. The "Shadow" has figured in an international contest, and was the first American yacht to take a race from the English cutter 'Madge' in 1882. The 'Madge' had previously beaten the fast American centreboard sloops 'Schemer' and 'Wave.' In the first race, to leeward and back, the 'Shadow' beat the 'Madge' handily. In the second race, over a triangular course, the 'Madge' was the victor, but a shift of wind operated so much to the 'Shadow's' disadvantage that the owner of the 'Madge' was satisfied to rest content with an even series, and refused all overtures for a third race. The 'Shadow' was five feet shorter on the water-line than the 'Madge,' which is now recognized as a great handicap. She was one of the first American yachts to be built with a hollow floor, and has always been especially good in heavy weather." (Source: Peabody, Henry G. Representative American Yachts. Boston, 1893, p. 18-19.)

"... Dr. John Bryant's old sloop Shadow is hauled out at Frisbee's. She is to receive new planking wales and deck-covering boards, bulwarks, and rails. This year she will be in command of Capt. Aubrey Crocker, who sailed the Puritan in the cup races. She was built by Herreshoff twenty-two years ago and has captured 134 prizes. ..." (Source: Anon. "Yachtsmen and their Craft." New York Times, April 21, 1893, p. 6.)

"... the Fanny [#186702es] and Shadow stand out pre-eminently as the star boats of their lengths. The Fanny was to her class what the Shadow was to hers. The latter, in the hands of Dr. John Bryant, and sailed by Capt. Aubrey Crocker, became famous the world over, for, year after year, she won prizes, and thus kept the name of her designer before the yachting public. Several parties claimed to have designed the Shadow, but the consensus of opinion of those best able to judge is to the effect that whatever there is in the Shadow belongs wholly to the Bristol men. It is to be regretted that Mr. Louis Herreshoff, in an article published in Bad-dington's Works, in speaking of the Shadow, intimated that the chief features of the Puritan's design were taken from the Shadow. Such a statement is unfair, and is in the line of taking from the dead what properly belongs to them. It is surprising that a member of the Herreshoff family should make this statement, because, except that both are yachts, there is absolutely nothing in common between them, and Mr. George F. Lawley, who made the model of the Puritan, and was in the confidence of the late Edward Burgess during all the work of getting out the design of the Puritan, told me the Shadow was never alluded to nor thought of. I happen to know much of the inside doings regarding the Puritan's design, and she is more like the 70-foot sloop, the Thetis, than she is anything else. ..." (Source: Mcvey, A. G. "Are World Famous. The Herreshoffs and Their Speedy Boats. Review of the Work of the Noted Builders." Boston Herald, ca. July 1895, no page (undated newspaper article from a yachting scrapbook compiled by A. S. Thayer, Claas van der Linde collection).

"The well-known 38-foot sloop Shadow has been purchased by Capt Bill Daly and his brother Dan, and it is understood will be entered in races when prizes for craft of her size are given. The Shadow was one of the first of the Herreshoff boats to be seen in Boston waters, and her memorable victories under the ownership of Dr John Bryant and with Capt Aubrey Crocker at the wheel are still the talk of yachtsmen. She is still sound, fast and able, and her new owners should have their money's worth of sport in her during the season. The purchase was made through Kiley's marine agency." (Source: Anon. "Sale of the Famous Sloop Shadow." Boston Globe, June 3, 1900, p. 26.)

"The disastrous fire that on April 12 [1908] swept over a part of the town of Chelsea, Massachusetts, destroyed the once-famous sloop SHADOW, owned by Frank D. McCarthy, of East Boston. SHADOW was built 37 years ago, in the spring of 1871, and was the only sloop able to beat the cutter MADGE that invaded American waters in 1881.
SHADOW was laid up between the Chelsea bridges and was burned to the water. Her owner expects to raise her, not for the purpose of rebuilding, but for her lead keel." (Source: Anon. "Shadow Burned at Chelsea." Forest and Stream, April 25, 1908, p. 664.)

"Lost to racing in Massachusetts bay and the Atlantic coast is the famous sloop Shadow, first in many a regatta, private match and squadron run. Last winter she was laid up between the bridges at Chelsea, on the East Boston side, and in the fire of April 12 she was burned to the water.
Her present owner, Frank D. McCarthy of East Boston, after looking over the wreck last week said that there was no hope of saving her hull, although he expected to raise her for the lead.
Thirty-seven years ago, in the spring of 1871, the Shadow was built by J. B. Herreshoff for Dr C. J. Sisson of New Bedford. Although the model of the Shadow is claimed by the Herreshoffs, according to the current belief of New Bedford yachtsmen the lines were the work of Dr Sisson.
The Shadow, which had many points of excellence and represented the best type of centerboard sloop of her day, well proportioned and deep, differed much from those Herreshoff models which immediately preceded, as well as those which followed her, and gave no evidence of relationship.
Her dimensions when built were: Over all length 37 feet 1 inch, load waterline 34 feet 1 inches, extreme breadth 14 feet 4 inches, draft without board 5 feet 4 inches. She carried five tons of ballast inside her skin and displaced 13.75 tons. From the deck to hounds her mast was 34 feet 6 inches, her topmast 18 feet from fid to sheaves, boom 40 feet, gaff 22 feet 6 inches, spinnaker boom 33 feet, and her sail area was 1342 square feet.
The greatest feat in the long history of the Shadow was her defeat of the English cutter Madge, as she was the only American yacht of her day that was able to accomplish it.
In 1881 James Coats, a Scotchman, well known in yachting, sent the Madge, then the best representative of her class, to America, to test conclusions with the centerboard sloops.
She arrived here Aug 16 of that year and was quickly refitted by her Scotch captain, James Duncan. Her first victim was the sloop Schemer, which she defeated in a match from Staten Island to and around the Sandy Hook lightship in a light southwest wind.
Following the Schemer, the Madge next defeated the Wave, another locally noted sloop, the weather being light and fluky. The third sloop to meet her, the Mistral, suffered in the same way, giving up the race, which was sailed in more wind and sea than the other matches.
Soon after the Madge was sent to Newport to meet the Shadow, then owned by Dr John Bryant. The first race was sailed over a leeward course and return, about 12 miles each way. Off the wind the Madge gained over a minute and a half, but in starting to windward she was poorly handled, two of her crew being green hands in cutter sailing, and one of her big spreaders was broken, laming her on the port tack. She was eventually beaten by nearly 23 minutes.
On the following day they sailed over a 30-mile triangle, Shadow carrying only one reef part of the way. She was outsailed over the windward leg and reach, but just held her own under spinnaker. A third rare was never sailed between these two yachts.
Going back to the earlier record of Shadow, one finds that Dr Sisson in her first year did not race the Shadow much, and that year she was third to the Anna and Recreation in the Atlantic Y. C. race of Aug 7.
The following year the Shadow was sold to C. J. Randall of New Bedford, a member of the Eastern Y. C. who raced her in the club regatta, in which she was beaten by the White Cap, another centerboard sloop. Two private matches were sailed by Shadow against the White Cap, both of which were won by Shadow.
The next season the Shadow was raced by Casper Crowninshield, also a member of the Eastern Y. C. In the two years that he had her, the boat captured first prize in the two club regattas each year.
During the season of 1875 the Shadow was owned and raced with success by Tucker Daland, having been bought at auction. Her most important contest under the command of Mr Daland was at Isles of Shoals.
In this regatta 25 schooners and sloops started in four classes. The Shadow was home first in her class, leading 13 other yachts across the line.
On Sept 30, 1876, she passed into the hands of Dr John Bryant of Cohasset, who kept her nearly 21 years. Under the management of Dr Bryant she was raced by Capt 'Ab' Crockett.
While she was sailed by Capt Crockett she saw her best racing days in number of races won. It was not unusual for the yacht to take as many as seven first prizes in the centerboard class each season out of eight or nine races sailed by the class.
Early in 1886 Charles H. Tweed imported the narrow Watson cutter Shona, which was used for racing and sailing around Marblehead. The Shadow met Shona in a Beverly yacht club race sailed off Marblehead Sept 4.
Although the two yachts sailed in different classes there was a royal fight between them for the lead of the fleet In a rattling good breeze the Shona was only able to beat the Shadow by two or three minutes.
After the yacht clubs did away with the keel and centerboard classification in racing the Shadow dropped out of the game, although used for afternoon sailing by Dr Bryant. She was sold to Frank M. Amazeen by Dr Bryant in 1897, after being practically rebuilt at Salem by Frisbee,
Mr Amazeen used her about Winthrop and sold her to William J. Smith. In 1899 Mr Smith sold her to Capt 'Bill' Daly on June 4, 1900.
After using the boat only for pleasure sailing Capt 'Bill' Daly sold her to William C. O Kelley in 1905. From his hands she passed to Frank D. McCarthy in the fall of 1906.
Although not raced much by Mr McCarthy, last year the good old Shadow, sailed by the veteran, Capt 'Bill' Hodgkins, succeeded in leading the Y. R. A. rendezvous fleet in the run from Hull to City Point.
Although it is not fitting that she should end her days in smoke, it is rather better than toting fish, the estate of Vision, a yacht of her days.
May her ribs rest easy in the mud of Chelsea creek." (Source: Anon. "Sloop Shadow Burnt at Chelsea Fire. Famous as Only Yacht to Defeat Madge in 1881." Boston Globe, April 19, 1908, p. 40.)

"Shadow was used for years as a fisherman. She was finally left on the shore at Chelsea and her hulk was burned in the big fire a few years ago [1908]. [Note: This is not correct. Shadow had been laid up on the shore and burned down to her waterline in the Great Chelsea Fire of 1908. Her owner subsequently salvaged her lead and abandoned her remains.]" (Source: Stephens, W. P. Traditions and Memories of American Yachting. New York, enlarged ed., 1945, p. 189.)

"[Item Description:] re: would you sail on #187106es SHADOW which I just bought in the July 4th regatta at Boston?" (Source: Daland, T. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_78930. Correspondence, Folder 26, formerly 214. 1875-06-25.)
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"N/A"

"[Item Description:] Penciled sketch of superimposed sections sections of an undidentifed boat with moderately deep keel and centerboard case and a Herreshoff-style folding berth. Untitled, no notes, undated. Compare with WRDT08_06250 from September 1886 where the section marked '65[?] 1/2f w.l.' appears to be an exact match to this section (but note that the folding berth on this section suggests a considerably smaller boat). On verso two superimposed half-sections, one being identical with the section on the other side and also with a Herreshoff-style folding berth, the other marked 'SHADOW [#187106es]'." (Source: Herreshoff, N. G. (creator). Penciled Sketch. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Acc. 2004.0001.0590. WRDT08, Folder 45. No date (1886 ?).)
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"[Item Description:] Penciled side-by-side half-sections with profile and displacement curves and midship-sections titled '2 65f w.l. models [Model 1104 and Model 1214] of Sept 1886 [for #188602es Unbuilt 65ft LWL Sloop]. Full line 18f 3in. Dotted [line] 19f 6in wide. One displacement curve is labeled '2264cuft [= 144896lbs]. 73 1/2 short tons', the other is labeled '2172cuft [= 139008lbs]. 70.59 short tons'. One of the midship sections is labeled 'SHADOW [#187106es], 3/4in to ft. 22.2sqft', another is labeled '65[?] 1/2f w.l' and the third is labeled '69 1/2f w.l.'." (Source: Herreshoff, N. G. (creator). Side-by-side Half-Sections and Displacement Curves. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Acc. 2004.0001.0588. WRDT08, Folder 45. 1886-09.)
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"[Item Description:] Photostat of letter from NGH to Gerrish Smith (SNAME), early reminiscences, #186001es SPRITE was given to Henry Ford's museum about 7 years ago, #187106es SHADOW, Burgess friendship, devised 1867 Boston Y.C. time allowance tables when 18 years old, discussion of Paper to be read by W. P. Stephens at SNAME meeting on May 28, 1934 [sic, i.e. 1935] [Note: NGH comments were published together with Stephens paper in SNAME Transactions for 1935 and in appendix of 'NGH - WPS. Their Last Letters'], cover letter dated May 26, 1935" (Source: Herreshoff, N.G. Letter to Smith, H. Gerrish (SNAME). Herreshoff Marine Museum Collection Acc. 86.36. HMM Library Rare Books Room (Various), Folder [no #]. 1935-05-26.)
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"[Item Description:] fragment of a typewritten letter on outside ballast with corrections in ink; #185401es JULIA II, #186301es KELPIE I, #187106es SHADOW, #400s CONSUELO, [The complete (and somewhat different) letter published as 'Letter Six' in Herreshoff, Stephens. Their Last Letters 1930-1938. Annotated by John W. Streeter. Bristol, RI, 1988, p. 35-38.]" (Source: Herreshoff, N.G. Letter to Stephens, William P. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_20820. Correspondence, Folder 59. No date (1935-06-19).)
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"[Item Description:] sandbaggers, Pat McGiehan and Jake Schmidt, Tom Ratsey, Herrick Duggan and the Seawanhaka Cup in 1896, on looking up Forest and Stream I find that my first visit to Bristol was described in the issue of April 16, 1885, your father showed me the operation of the ballast car of #187004es JULIA and you took me into a little boathouse and showed me #400s CONSUELO, I was at City Island last Monday and saw #402s CLARA at her moorings; I met Rufus Murray and he gave me a piece of planking knocked out by a motorboat which stove a hole in her starboard bow, above water, I am sending it to you with Murray's compliments, breaking up of WHIRLWIND, #1275s MITENA, ISTALENA, #186403es KELPIE, schooner AGNES, #187106es SHADOW, SNIKERSNEE; [This letter published as 'Letter Seven' in Herreshoff, Stephens. Their Last Letters 1930-1938. Annotated by John W. Streeter. Bristol, RI, 1988, p. 41.]" (Source: Stephens, William P. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_20620. Correspondence, Folder 59. 1935-07-21.)
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"[Item Transcription:] [Typewritten memorandum:] Model Boat [#186201es] made by N. G. Herreshoff in 1861-62.
This rather queer shaped model was made by Nat Herreshoff when a boy of about thirteen years old, and perhaps her hard bilge, or resemblance to a V-bottom boat, can be traced to Nat's first racing experience in J. B.'s METEOR [#185601es], a V-bottom boat which was built by J. B. and his father between 1855 and 1857. Also Nat's father, Charles Frederick H., was at the time interested in models which gained stability or sail carrying ability by the action of the low bow wave. (In other words, the leeward bilge was supposed to rise up, or plane, on the lee bow wave).
J. B. once described these early bows to me by saying 'they were like the mold board of a plow which cuts into the sod, turns it over and throws it down.'
It is also interesting that C.F.H.'s later JULIAs [#185602es Julia III and #187004es Julia IV] had bows of this type, particularly those which used shifting ballast cars, so at the time that Nat made this model boat there may have been much talk about gaining sail carrying ability through hull shape. It is interesting, too, that Captain Nat did not use tumble-home sides after 1875, but earlier models like SADIE [#186704es (designed by JBH)], and SHADOW [#187106es] had tumble home. Apparently after stability was gained by deeper ballast he decided the slack bilges made an easier driven model.
A± any rate, it is interesting that this toy boat, or model boat, was owned by five boys without being seriously damaged. She was rigged at various times as both cat and sloop. The model probably has had several coats of paint, but is all original but the stem which L. F. H. made before the last painting. The stem is about 1/2in too high and was intended to be cut down after the flat bowsprit was fitted. The rudder is original and shows the stopper which went against the transom and prevented the rudder from swinging far enough to jam the rudder hangings.
This model is now presented to Norman F. Herreshoff by L. Francis Herreshoff who thinks it should be in the back part of the old Herreshoff house in Hope Street where it undoubtedly was made nearly a century ago.
The writing on the after deck is in Captain Nat's hand done after I returned the model to him in 1936." (Source: Herreshoff, L. Francis (creator). Memorandum. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MRDW02_00590. Folder [no #]. 1956-12-27.)
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"[Item Transcription:] [Typewritten copy of a memorandum, laminated in plastic:] Model Boat [#186201es] made by N. G. Herreshoff in 1861-62.
This rather queer shaped model was made by Nat Herreshoff when a boy of about thirteen years old, and perhaps her hard bilge, or resemblance to a V-bottom boat, can be traced to Nat's first racing experience in J. B.'s METEOR [#185601es], a V-bottom boat which was built by J. B. and his father between 1855 and 1857. Also Nat's father, Charles Frederick H., was at the time interested in models which gained stability or sail carrying ability by the action of the low bow wave. (In other words, the leeward bilge was supposed to rise up, or plane, on the lee bow wave).
J. B. once described these early bows to me by saying 'they were like the mold board of a plow which cuts into the sod, turns it over and throws it down.'
It is also interesting that C.F.H.'s later JULIAs [#185602es Julia III and #187004es Julia IV] had bows of this type, particularly those which used shifting ballast cars, so at the time that Nat made this model boat there may have been much talk about gaining sail carrying ability through hull shape. It is interesting, too, that Captain Nat did not use tumble-home sides after 1875, but earlier models like SADIE [#186704es (designed by JBH)], and SHADOW [#187106es] had tumble home. Apparently after stability was gained by deeper ballast he decided the slack bilges made an easier driven model.
A± any rate, it is interesting that this toy boat, or model boat, was owned by five boys without being seriously damaged. She was rigged at various times as both cat and sloop. The model probably has had several coats of paint, but is all original but the stem which L. F. H. made before the last painting. The stem is about 1/2in too high and was intended to be cut down after the flat bowsprit was fitted. The rudder is original and shows the stopper which went against the transom and prevented the rudder from swinging far enough to jam the rudder hangings.
This model is now presented to Norman F. Herreshoff by L. Francis Herreshoff who thinks it should be in the back part of the old Herreshoff house in Hope Street where it undoubtedly was made nearly a century ago.
The writing on the after deck is in Captain Nat's hand done after I returned the model to him in 1936. [Incl. envelope marked in red pencil 'Description of Model Boat Built By N.G. Herreshoff']." (Source: Herreshoff, L. Francis (creator). Memorandum. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MRDW02_02970. Folder [no #]. 1956-12-27.)
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"[Item Description:] Penciled pantograph hull sections with pinpricks and radials titled 'SHADOW [#187106es]. Scale 3/4in = 1ft. Model made for Mr. Gilbert F. Quinn. … March, 1962'." (Source: Herreshoff, A. Sidney deW. (creator). Pantograph Hull Sections. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MRDE04_01900. Folder [no #]. 1962-03.)
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Note: This list of archival documents contains in an unedited form any and all which mention #187106es Shadow even if just in a cursory way. Permission to digitize, transcribe and display is gratefully acknowledged.

• Wilson, Jon. "The Remarkable Sloop Shadow." Wooden Boat #43, November/December 1981, p. 64-70. (470 kB)
  Document is copyrighted: Yes. Detailed, well-researched and knowledgable story of the 1871 Herreshoff sloop Shadow. History and significance. Racing record. Part I.
• Wilson, Jon. "The Remarkable Sloop Shadow." Wooden Boat #44, January/February 1982, p. 24-31. (491 kB)
  Document is copyrighted: Yes. Detailed, well-researched and knowledgable story of the 1871 Herreshoff sloop Shadow. History and significance. Racing record. Part II.

• Shadow (MIT Museum-made index card)
• Note: The vessel index cards comprise two sets of a total of some 3200 cards about vessels built by HMCo, with dimensions and information regarding drawings, later or former vessel names, and owners. They were compiled from HMCo's early days until 1920 and added to in later decades, apparently by Hart Nautical curator William A. Baker and his successors. While HMCo seems to have used only one set of index cards, all sorted by name and, where no name was available, by number, later users at MIT apparently divided them into two sets of cards, one sorted by vessel name, the other by vessel number and greatly expanded the number of cards. Original HMCo cards are usually lined and almost always punched with a hole at bottom center while later cards usually have no hole, are unlined, and often carry substantially less information. All cards are held by the Francis Russell Hart Nautical Collections of the MIT Museum in Cambridge, Mass.

• Shadow
• Note: The L. Francis Herreshoff index cards comprise a set of some 1200 cards about vessels built by HMCo, with dimensions and / or ownership information. Apparently compiled in the early 1930s, for later HMCo-built boats like the Fishers Island 23s or the Northeast Harbor 30s are not included. Added to in later decades, apparently by L. F. Herreshoff as well as his long-time secretary Muriel Vaughn and others. Also 46 cards of L. F. Herreshoff-designed vessels. The original set of index cards is held by the Herreshoff Marine Museum and permission to display is gratefully acknowledged.

Name: Shadow
Type: 33' 5" sloop
Owner: Dr. Sisson
Year: 1871
Row No.: 618

Source: Herreshoff, L. Francis. "Partial List of Herreshoff-Built Boats." In: Herreshoff, L. Francis. Capt. Nat Herreshoff. The Wizard of Bristol. New York, 1953, p. 325-343.

"Dimensions from measurements taken by W. P. Stephens and John Hyslop." (Source: van der Linde, Claas. May 2, 2008.)

"See also: William P. Stephens Collection (Coll. 91), Manuscripts Collection, G. W. Blunt White Library, Mystic Seaport Museum, Box 6, Folder 27. Papers pertaining to the sloop SHADOW, including letters, notes, schematics, and clippings; 1872-1888 and 1926-1927." (Source: van der Linde, Claas. September 2, 2010.)

"Mainsail 38' foot, 27' hoist, 21' head 43'6" leech = 740 square feet area. Jib 25' foot, 38' luff, 29' leech, = 361 square feet, club topsail 27' foot, 30' luff, 19' leech = 235 square feet. Total of three = 1336 square feet." (Source: Herreshoff, N. G. "Boats and Yachts that I have been Especially Interested in by Sailing and Some of Which I Have Owned." Bristol, April 1932. In: Pinheiro, Carlton J. (ed.). Recollections and Other Writings by Nathanael G. Herreshoff. Bristol, 1998, p. 106.)

"Displacement tons, short 15.6 tons." (Source: Anon. (W. P. Stephens) "Shadow." Forest and Stream, July 28, 1887, p. 14-15.)

Note: Research notes contain information about a vessel that is often random and unedited but has been deemed useful for future research.