HMCo #411s Gloriana

"[1890-07-21] Mon 21: Moccasin beat Clara [#402s] about 4 minutes, 20 seconds in 5-1/2 miles to windward. [Moccasion was a new 40ft cutter, designed by Edward Burgess and owned by E. D. Morgan. Morgan's visit in Bristol was the first of many to come. The speed of Clara, which was 10ft shorter than Moccassin, so impressed E. D. Morgan that he would soon order the catyawls Gannet [#409s] and Pelican [#408s], followed by the 46-footer Gloriana [#411s], and many other Herreshoff boats.]
[1891-02-18] Wed 18: Mr. Morgan ordered 46' racing cutter [#411s Gloriana].
[1891-02-27] Fri 27: Began [?] frames for 46-footer [#411s Gloriana].
[1891-03-05] Thu 5: Mr. Morgan [future owner of #411s Gloriana] and Mr. Reives[?] here.
[1891-03-12] Thu 12: Cast lead keel for Mr. Morgan's '46' [#411s Gloriana].
[1891-03-21] Sat 21: Setting up frames on '46' [#411s Gloriana].
[1891-03-25] Wed 25: Began planking 46-footer [#411s Gloriana].
[1891-04-14] Tue 14: Finished planking 46-footer, Gloriana [#411s].
[1891-04-15] Wed 15: Mr. Morgan [owner of #411s Gloriana] here.
[1891-05-06] Wed 6: Launched cutter Gloriana.
[1891-05-13] Wed 13: Put mast in Gloriana.
[1891-05-15] Fri 15: ... Rigging all up on Gloriana.
[1891-05-19] Tue 19: 1st trial of Gloriana.
[1891-05-20] Wed 20: 2nd trial of Gloriana; went to Newport. ...
[1891-05-30] Sat 30: 3rd trial of Gloriana.
[1891-06-06] Sat 6: Mr. Morgan [owner of among others #409s Gannet and #411s Gloriana] and Mr. Moran [#408s Pelican] here.
[1891-06-10] Wed 10: Hauled out Gloriana at Fall River.
[1891-06-12] Fri 12: ... Gloriana started for New York.
[1891-06-24] Wed 24: Returned from races at New York; Gloriana won five straight.
[1891-07-06] Mon 6: ... Gloriana up from Newport.
[1891-07-13] Mon 13: Went to Newport and passed day at Mr. Morgan's [owner of among others #409s Gannet and #411s Gloriana].
[1897-09-29] Wed 29: Hauled out Gloriana [#411s] at cove.
[1899-05-02] Tue 2: Mod[erate] SW to SE [wind &] warm and damp. Mr. Iselin here. Crews of Defender & Gloriana arrive.
[1899-05-08] Mon 8: Fair & warm [with] l[igh]t SE to E [wind]. ... Launched Petrel #510. Also Gloriana [#411s] from marine railway. H[eav]y rain & N.E. [wind] in evening.
[1908-08-15] Sat 15: [No entry.] [From the #215p Roamer log book:] 4th Cruise, 10th day, N.Y.Y.C. From Marblehead towards Marblehead. Went out to see racing for the Commodore’s Cup, leaving harbor at about 10-15. Fine day with good NW breeze. Race started at 10-55 [for] sloops, 11-05 [for] schooners, from Halfway Rock to SE around buoy, then to Eastern P[oin]t buoy & return same way. Course 28 miles. While out we probably covered 35 miles and returned to harbor at 3-20. Went to coal dock & took 4 tons [of] coal & then to anchor. Miss Rivett left for Boston. [First sloop finishers were:] Aurora [#667s], Avenger [#666s], Humma [#553s], Istalena [#663s], Doris [#625s], Gloriana [#411s], and Dorello. [First Schooners were:] Queen [#657s], Emerald , and Elmina.
[1914-07-10] Fri 10: L[igh]t NE [wind] & overcast early. Later calm. Have a race in light S wind and large ground swell. Resolute [#725s] won by 30 m[inutes] over Vanitie, and Defiance gave up. Have E. D. Morgan [the former owner of #165p Katydid, #409s Gannet, #411s Gloriana, #164p Javelin, #417s Drusilla, #465s Puck, #587s Whisper, and #588s Echo as well as several other Herreshoff-built yachts acquired by him second-hand] as guest in Helianthus [#288p]. Also Kath[erine] & Tom, Mary DeW[olf[ & Agnes." (Source: Herreshoff, Nathanael G. Diary, 1890 to 1914. Manuscript (excerpts). Herreshoff Marine Museum Collection [1890-1897]. Diary access courtesy of Halsey C. Herreshoff [1899-1914]. Herreshoff Marine Museum Collection, St.Y. Roamer Logbooks [1908].)

"... Gloriana [Name], 411 [Building Number], 47.4 [Rating], 45.5 [Waterline], 43.3 [L = length at 1/4 beam as for Universal Rule], 12.8 [B = breadth of waterline as for Universal Rule], 10.1 [d = draft of water as for Universal Rule], 1,215 [D = displacement in cubic foot as for Universal Rule (= 77,760 lbs or 34.7 long tons)], 4186 [Sail Area], 3420 [Sail limit Present rule], 766 [Diff.], 3390 [Sail limit Proposed rule], 796 [Diff.], Very large rig for racing [Notes] ..." (Source: Herreshoff, N. G. "Formula for Obtaining the Limit of Sail-Area in Yachts when Measured by the Universal Rule Formula." Bristol, R.I., July 13, 1907 with later additions. Original handwritten (in ink) document with penciled additions. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MRDE06_00080.)

"Coconut Grove Feb 10 1926. {1926/02/10} N. G. Herreshoff Bristol, R. I. Dear Francis, ... Way back in "Gloriana" time. (1891). I hung her main boom to a revolving band on the mast which also carried the spinaker boom pocket. - which gave quite an advantage down wind, and as the rules read then there it confirmed." (Source: Mystic Seaport Museum, L. Francis Herreshoff Collection, Box 17, Folder 2: Letter from N. G. Herreshoff to L. F. Herreshoff.)

"Coconut Grove, Fl. Mch 21 1927 {1927/03/21} N. G. Herreshoff Bristol, R. I. Dear Francis, I can hardly realize a month has slipped by since I recieved your very interesting letter of Feb 18th. {1927/02/18} and inclosure - b.p. [blueprint] of 46 foot rating. I am sorry Harold Vanderbilt had not more confidence in your ability to design a 46 rating -- It w'ld give you a good lift, and I believe you w'ld have come out O.K. Certainly, your design is very interesting, -- with many original features. The [symbol] is not very different from my old catyawl, 'Consuelo' except her keel was nearly flat on bottom instead of semicircular. Also quite like Gloriana, which was, as I recollect 46' l.w.l. [length at waterline] - 13' beam, and 12' 8" on w.l. [waterline] draft about 10', and 23 1/2 tons lead outside with sail area 4180 (square)' [Drawing with measurements] Bob Emmons found her too much for "Avengir" [sic, i.e. Avenger] in light weather when some 18 years old. After we got the sails coaxed into shape, the first year, she was very fast and particulaly to windward. As we sailed her, she tacked in 6 1/4 to 6 1/2 points, and going fast. Her under water profile was very nearly like yours. - terminating at the rudder stock aft and extending 46' forward. I suspect she w'ld surprise the modern 46s - in summer breezes, but of course larger rating, - probably near 50. She was launched on the flat of her keel in a single way. No other support whatever. ... Your father -- Nathl G. Herreshoff. " (Source: Mystic Seaport Museum, L. Francis Herreshoff Collection, Box 17, Folder 3: Letter from N. G. Herreshoff to L. F. Herreshoff.)

"Coconut Grove. Fl. N.G. Herreshoff Bristol, R. I. April 3 1927. {1927/04/03} Dear Francis, ... In commenting on "Gloriana", - When designed she had a mission to proform. The "46 ft Class" became popular the year before, and when designed consisted of 1/2 doz Burgess designed and one New York designed (I think Wintreham[?]) boats, "Gloriana" was the longest overall by some 8' or 10', a little narrower and probably the heaviest outside lead, and also probably the least displacement. She was the fastest on all points of sailing and in any strength of wind. It was a revelation to all, the way she would soar out to windward in a seaway. In the N.Y.Y.C. Annual, in a fresh S.E. breeze and ebb tide, and a very nasty sea outside Sandy Hook. - many of the fleet had to give up but those that kept on were left astern. They were "hobby horsing" when we were going along with comparatively dry [p2] decks. The swing table in the cabin was set for lunch, with bottles & c standing, and nothing moved! You are a little off in thinking your new design has twice the ballast of Gloriana's. She had over 23 tons, which was about 60% of her displacement. and Wasp was nearly the same. At that time sail area was not a factor in measurment, and there was not the incentive to get greatest driving power with least area. However with her largest club topsail set the rig was quite high as well as being broad, and was fairly efficient in driving the 46' w.l. hull to windward. She was composit construction with very light steel scantling, but prooved amply strong, and lasted 18 years, and Wasp about the same span of life." (Source: Mystic Seaport Museum, L. Francis Herreshoff Collection, Box 17, Folder 3: Letter from N. G. Herreshoff to L. F. Herreshoff.)

"Dear Mr. Foster,
In reply to your interesting letter of the second, perhaps it will be necessary to go back into the '60's to trace the development of Shadow and Gloriana. ... in 1882, I wanted something to cruise in comfortably, and decided to build a cruising boat. Hearing of the English yachts being fitted with outside lead, I decided to try it on my cruiser, and designed Consuelo, cat yawl rigged. She was 32' overall, 29' water line, 8'8" beam, and 5'6" draft, and had full headroom under a flush deck. All ballast was of lead, and outside [6 1/2 tons to 10 1/2 tons (net displacement]. I went the limit for a cruising boat, the first time. She had very comfortable accommodations and proved very fast, compared to boats of her day. She was even fast in light winds with a small sail spread of only 665 square feet, which she would carry when the average craft would come down to two or three reefs. In underwater type she was the forerunner of Gloriana but not as to above water.
When Edward Burgess came back from studying under George L. Watson, he was all loaded up with the English cutter craze, and also with the mistaken idea that the only correct measurement for length was the water line, and through great misfortune, he induced the Massachusetts Bay Clubs to adopt that as the standard of sailing measurement, and to drop adding onethird of overhangs to water line as I had specified in the 'Measurement and Time Allowance Rules' I devised for the Boston Yacht Club, in the winter of 1866-67, while a student at M. I. T. If the original B. Y. C. Rule had been adhered to, it would have stopped the extreme overhangs that infested the yachts of the '90's. However, in the late '80's, I was convinced moderate overhang at both ends was good and, in 1890, we built a couple of boats for Commodore E. D. Morgan with good healthy ends. Then, when asked to build a yacht for the then popular 46' class, I gave the design long overhangs, to take all possible benefit for speed on a water line of 46'. The lead was dropped much lower in proportion than in Consuelo, in order to carry a big rig, and so Gloriana proved a success. Consuelo's particular fault was 'hobby horsing' in a seaway. Gloriana with her long ends was quite free from this, and would go over a sea without being much stopped. ...
Sincerely yours,
Nathanael G. Herreshoff" (Source: Herreshoff, Nathanael Greene. Letter to Charles H. W. Foster, dated March 6, 1932. Quoted in Foster, Charles H. W. The Eastern Yacht Club Ditty Box, 1870-1900. Norwood, Mass., 1932, p 139-141.)

"... I will give a brief history of my connection with GLORIANA and VIGILANT. I became acquainted with Edwin D. Morgan in the summer of 1890. He then owned the big schooner CONSTELLATION, the 40' sloop MOCCASIN, and the steam launch HENRIETTA of our build[ing]. He was also, at that time, building the fine residence at Beacon Rock. I took him off twice in my cat-yawl CLARA and he was so much impressed with her good qualities, he ordered two cat-yawls to be built: one 26' w.l. with fish well built for his brother-in-law (PELICAN) and one 29' wl. for himself (GANNET). PELICAN was launched late in the fall of 1890, and proved very satisfactory. A little later, Mr. Morgan met with Royal Phelps Carroll on a train. When saying he was thinking of having a yacht built for the then popular 46' class, Mr. Morgan advised that he came to Bristol for her. By this [conversation] we got an order from Mr. Carroll and I took up the designing. A little later we had a letter from Mr. Carroll, saying he had become engaged and stating it would be necessary either to give up marrying or to give up the yacht and asked if we would be willing to cancel the contract, which we agreed to do. Early in 1891, about [the] 1st of February, we had a call from Mr. E.D. Morgan, and he was so much pleased with the model and plans I had made [for Mr. Carroll] that he decided to go ahead with the building and gave [us] an order.
(10) GLORIANA was built and launched early in June, 1891. In launching [her], ways had to be built, as she was the first deep draft craft constructed by the Herreshoff Manufacturing Company. To save expense, I devised a single ways no wider than the yacht's keel (about 24") and she slid down safely over it. After [the] trials [were finished], we found we had to put a system of diagonals under her deck to keep it from working. There were no other changes except a pair of truss shrouds, at each forward quarter [of the mast], to keep the thrust of the gaff from bending the mast. She was completed and went to New York in time for the June races, and was successful from the start. Mr. E.D. Morgan, her owner, sailed her in the first race, and I sailed her in the seven that followed that season, all of which she won, over the most notable class of that era. At that time, racing measurement was simply length on waterline, with a limit of draft to (16w.l. +1.75). The result was that yachts were being built with enormous overhangs, and elaborate sail plans, as much ballast placed low as possible, i.e. all outside and on [the] keel. GLORIANA's design had much longer overall length, and more rounding (fuller) waterlines at each end than was usual, giving her a longer body for sailing and the long ends very much decreased the tendency to "hobby horse" and consequently [made] a much faster and better boat in a sea-way. The general proportion of her rig was probably not so good as her adversaries', but after the June series of races, [we] had her very well tuned up. She had about 22 tons of lead all outside, and the lightest and best hull, being composite construction, and double planked. While sailing her, I conceived DILEMMA, and had her built and tried her out that fall and [the] following year. From the success of GLORIANA, we built WASP the following winter, for the same class, and for Mr. Archibald Rogers. WASP was a little faster than GLORIANA." (Source: Herreshoff, N. G. "Boats and Yachts that I have been Especially Interested in by Sailing and Some of Which I Have Owned." Bristol, April 1932. In: Pinheiro, Carlton J. (ed.). Recollections and Other Writings by Nathanael G. Herreshoff. Bristol, 1998, p. 107-109.)

"GLORIANA, built for the noted Forty-Six Foot Class, was for E. D. Morgan and became the sensation of the yachting world. She made a clean record in the Forty-Six Foot Class, then supposed to be composed of the most advanced type of yachts known. Mr. Morgan sailed her in his first race and I sailed her for him in the following seven, all of that year [1891], and she won them all. ... [In 1892] E. D. Morgan sold GLORIANA, for he was afraid she might be beaten by WASP.
...
COLONIA was under sail and tried out by [the] middle of June [1893]. Aside from her mast bending by thrust of [the] gaff, there was little to do to her rig. This weakness of [the] mast was overcome by the same means that I corrected the fault in GLORIANA, only with a little difference. GLORIANA was fitted with two struts and stays, one on each forward quarter. In COLONIA, one strut and stay was fitted, and a pair of masthead shrouds held out to the inner third of [the] spreaders was added. This arrangement was added to [the] rig of all future sloops, both here and abroad, by the following year." (Source: Herreshoff, N. G. "Some of the Boats I Have Sailed In." Written 1934. In: Pinheiro, Carlton J. (ed.). Recollections and Other Writings by Nathanael G. Herreshoff. Bristol, 1998, p. 56, 56.)

"August 31 1935
Dear Mr. Stephens -
... You probably know of GLORIANA's career, but not her origin. Commodore E. D. Morgan first came here in summer of 1890 in his 40 footer MOCCASIN (or TOMMYHAWK I forget which) to see the shops, and I had the privilege of showing him about and having a very interesting talk. On leaving I said I was about to take a little sail in my cat yawl CLARA and would he like to go with me and transfer to his 40 footer down the Bay. He took the wheel and he was astonished the way we held to the 40 footer in beating to windward. He soon came again and ordered a 27 ft. steam launch and also a 27 ft. cat-yawl with fish-well (PELICAN) for his brother-in-law and soon after a 29 1/2 ft. cat-yawl GANNET for himself. The launch was ready early in November and PELICAN 11th of Nov. 1890 and CLARA was kept afloat to try her out. With fish-well corked and lead in bottom she appeared quite able to hold CLARA. A little later Royal Phelps Carroll met Mr. Morgan on train and mentioned he was thinking of building for the new 46 ft. class and Mr. M. told him he better try Bristol, and so he came here and contracted for a 46 footer. The design was worked out and we were about ready to begin work when we had a letter from Mr. Carroll informing us he had just become engaged to marry and he did not see how he could support a yacht and wife at the same time and asked if we would release him from the contract and if so what the expense would be. In reply we congratulated him and said we would cancel the contract without expense if he wished. Later, about 1st Feb. 1891 we had a call from Com. Morgan, when I showed him the model & plans for the 46 footer made for Mr. Carroll. He appeared well pleased and about a week later he gave us an order to go on and build this craft which in time Mrs. Morgan named GLORIANA.
In the afternoon sailings outside of Newport GLORIANA had shown her ability to beat BEDOUIN - 70 ft. cutter even up. This so impressed Archibald Rogers he disposed of BEDOUIN and ordered from us a 46 footer in fall of 1891 (WASP). Mr. Morgan saw the plans and a little later we heard he had sold GLORIANA. ...
Very truly yours,
Nathanael Greene Herreshoff
Sept. 15 1935." (Source: Letter 13. From N. G. Herreshoff to W. P. Stephens, dated August 31, 1935 to September 15, 1935. In: Herreshoff, Nathanael Greene and William Picard Stephens. "Their Last Letters 1930-1938." Annotated by John W. Streeter. Bristol, R. I., ca. 1999, p. 67-80.)

"[The Seawanhaka Rule] with a few modifications and variations was adopted by most all of our yacht clubs. At first it worked fairly well with the existing yachts (which were compromise cutters with a clipper bow) so that it became firmly established. However, in 1891 the Gloriana came out; she had a pram, or spoon-shape bow, and while most people think this the secret of her success it is more probable that her great stability was a more important factor, for she no doubt had greater head-on resistance than some others in her class. She had larger sail area and could carry it. Gloriana, perhaps, was the first American yacht of scientific construction; everything above the waterline was pared down in weight and this weight applied on the lead keel. Gloriana, of course, was allowed more sail because of shortening her waterline length forward but she also had the stability to carry it." (Source: Herreshoff, L. Francis. The Common Sense of Yacht Design. Vol. II. New York, 1948, p. 41.)

"In 1890 and 1891 the famous class of forty-six-footers was started, and I believe there were about a dozen built with more than half of them designed by Edward Burgess. Mr. E. D. Morgan had an acquaintance, Mr. Royal Phelps Carroll, who was to build in this class and he recommended that Carroll go to the Herreshoffs for his forty-six-footer, which he did. Soon after the design was completed, however, Mr. Carroll wrote and requested that the contract be canceled as he was to be married, and the Herreshoff Manufacturing Company agreed to do this. About the first of February Mr. Morgan called at Bristol to see his steamer 'Javelin,' then under construction, and looked at the model and design of the forty-six-footer which had been started for Mr. Carroll. Mr. Morgan liked the design so much that he decided to take it over, so the forty-six-footer was built in the south shop and when launched early in June was christened 'Gloriana.' So 'Gloriana' was built for Mr. E. D. Morgan even if she had not been designed for him, and it is very possible that if Mr. Morgan had not managed her she might not have made a clean sweep the first year.
While the 'Gloriana' model was certainly radical, or different from preceding yachts, it is my opinion that scientific construction, which allowed a large amount of ballast, together with very special fittings aloft and alow, had more effect than the model in her success. Perhaps 'Gloriana' was the first sizable racing sailboat that was built in a plant that could make all of her special parts (and I must note that the stock marine hardware of those days was as crude and bad as it is today). Other designers had to depend on stock fittings which in most cases had originally been designed for a different type and size of craft. The sharp and deep forefoot of the prevailing model is entirely cut away which much shortened the water line. Under a rule that combined LWL and SA she was allowed more SA than others in her class, but on account of her full ends she not only had longer diagonals (better sailing lines), but the full ends with their buoyancy contributed much to stability when the yacht was heeled. When the cutter and compromise cutter heeled, the center of flotation did not move to leeward or as far from the center of weight as on the 'Gloriana.' Most of the others in 'Gloriana' 's class were models similar to 'Minerva,' a model that is notorious for pitching. As a sailor man would say, some of them would even start to pitch if they saw a sea coming, but the 'Gloriana' 's bow seemed to lift over a sea instead of bunting at it a couple of times and finally going through it. So the 'Gloriana' 's bow was copied throughout the world and in the next ten years it was to be seen on everything from catboats to three-masted schooners.
As for construction, it is quite unlikely that the independent yacht designers such as Edward Burgess, Cary Smith or Gardner, even if they had been engineers, could have brought out so many innovations in one year. Although any of them might have taught a builder to use steam-bent frames one year, double planking another year, and diagonal strapping the next, etc., Captain Nat had a great advantage with his own yard and a crew whom he had trained in all these constructions on steam craft. 'Gloriana' was built almost exactly as all high-grade yachts of her size are today, that is, steel angle frames, double planking, and strap diagonal framing which was quite a contrast to some others in her class which had single planking over sawed frames fastened with nails.
Above the water line everything on 'Gloriana' was pared down in size and weight --- even the hatches, companionways, and skylights --- and every ounce of this saving in weight was put into the outside lead. Although her upper works were light they were strong because they were constructed scientifically, and the proof of this is 'Gloriana' 's long life free from structural defects. But above deck is where 'Gloriana' excelled mostly, for her fittings and rig in general were what might be expected from an engineer who had his own forge shop and machine shop --- sail tracks, special winches, properly proportioned turnbuckles, together with special goosenecks, gaff jaws, topmast cap irons, etc. A photo shows 'Gloriana' sailing and gives a general idea of the neatness of her rig, but the construction of 'Gloriana,' her special fittings, rig, etc., were overlooked by the writers of the time who were so fascinated with her bow that they either did not see or could not understand her other advanced features.
'Gloriana' entered eight races in the forty-six foot class the first year and won them all. In the first race E. D. Morgan was helmsman, and in the following seven Captain Nat steered her. Mr. Morgan then very sportingly withdrew 'Gloriana' from the class to let the other ten or eleven yachts fight it out among themselves." (Source: Herreshoff, L. Francis. The Wizard of Bristol. The Life and Achievements of Nathanael Greene Herreshoff, together with An Account of Some of the Yachts he Designed. New York, 1953, p. 162-164.)

"This yacht was named Gloriana and was developed as follows: E. D. Morgan of Newport, owned among other yachts, large and small, the 40-footer Moccasin, and he became very much interested in the way Minerva had performed, so in 1890 he ordered two sailboats from Mr. Herreshoff who had been designing and building small steam yachts for him. These two boats were to be built on the same molds but of different lengths. The first one was named Pelican [#408s] and was launched on November 11, 1890, the same day that this writer was born. She was 26.6 feet long on the waterline. The other was named Gannet [#409s], 29.6 feet on the waterline. They were both rigged as cat yawls and had bows somewhat halfway between the clipper type and what was to come out in Gloriana. These boats were of light construction with all outside ballast lead keels. They proved fast and were much liked by Mr. Morgan.
Captain Nat Introduces Spoon Bow
Another gentleman who owned one of the 40's was Royal Phelps Carroll. One day he told Mr. Morgan that he was thinking of building a 46-footer whereupon Mr. Morgan advised him to have the Herreshoffs design and build her, so Mr. Carroll ordered a 46-footer and Captain Nat Herreshoff, who had been thinking over the design of Pelican and Gannet, decided that if he cut off the sharp forefoot of these models they would go nearly as well, and because the waterline would be much shorter this would allow more sail area under the length and sail area rule. In this way he evolved, or rather invented, the spoon bow which was practically to take the place of all other bows on racing sailboats for the next sixty years. Captain Nat's next problem was to get the required stability to carry this extra sail which he did by adopting the very light methods of construction he had worked out for fast steamers and torpedo boats, creating a light scientific rig so that all of this saving in weight could be put into the lead keel. Mr. Herreshoff had a great advantage over other designers in having his own yacht building establishment with its forge shop and machine shop capable of building the power plants of the first steam torpedo boats. Thus he could design and have made very special fittings, and this 46-footer, which was to be named Gloriana, had steel frames, diagonal strapping, double planking, and very neat deck and spar fittings, while the other craft of the class were built much as the older yachts had been and had to depend on stock fittings.
Before work started on Gloriana Mr. Carroll requested in writing that the contract be canceled as he was to be married and the Herreshoffs agreed to do this. I suppose Mr. Carroll was a little alarmed at the radical design and that was the real reason for not going ahead with it. That winter E. D. Morgan was having the high-speed launch Javelin built by the Herreshoffs and when he came to look at her about New Years he asked to see the design that had been started for Mr. Carroll. Mr. Morgan liked the design so much that he decided to take it over, so Gloriana was built for him. She entered eight races in the season of 1891; in the first race Mr. Morgan was helmsman and in the following seven races she was steered by her designer. She came in first each time, and at times seemed much faster than her competitors. Mr. Morgan then very sportingly withdrew Gloriana to let the other ten or eleven yachts in the class fight it out..." (Source: Herreshoff, L. Francis. An Introduction to Yachting. New York, 1963, p. 98-99.)

"It has been rumored lately that the Herreshoffs, of Bristol, were intending to build a 46-footer, to compete with the new class now springing up. Thinking that the matter might be far enough along for publication, the yachting representative of The [Boston] Globe took a trip to Bristol last week, where he was very courteously received by Mr Herreshoff, the senior member of the firm.
Mr. Herreshoff was not inclined to say much about the firm's attitude toward the 46 foot class. He admitted that they had designed a 46 footer for Royal Phelps Carroll some time ago, and that the design called for a keel boat.
In answer to the question whether he would advise the building of a keel or a center-board yacht to compete in the 46-foot class, Mr. Herreshoff said that the firm would build whichever an owner preferred.
There is no doubt that a 46 designed and built by the Herreshoffs would stir up a lot of interest. For many years the Herreshoff boats were the fastest in this country, and their success continued until the firm practically withdrew from the building of sail yachts and turned their attention to steam. The Sadie [#186704es], a Herreshoff 46-footer built many years ago, was a very fast boat in her time. The sail plans of the present 46-footers look colossal, but the Sadie had a main-boom 61 feet long, which is longer than any 46-footer will carry this season.
If the Herreshoffs should build a 46, she would have all the advantages of light construction, as the firm has no superior in the knowledge of the strength of materials and the best methods of construction. One feature that the Herreshoffs would employ, which no other designer is using, is the system of double planking. Mr. Herreshoff believes that much more stiffness and strength can be gotten by this method. ..." (Source: Anon. "At Bristol, R.I." Rudder, March 1891, p. 32.)

"The works of the Herreshoff Manufacturing Co. at Bristol, R. I., are busy with a number of yachts, both sail and steam, in addition to Government work. ... N. G. Herreshoff designed this winter a keel 46-footer for Mr. Royal Phelps Carroll, but nothing has been done toward building her. It is now reported, however, that the firm will build a keel 46, which will make the class still more interesting." (Source: Anon. "Work At Bristol." Forest and Stream, March 12, 1891, p. 161.)

"M[ar]ch 22, 91.
My dear Mr. Herreshoff,
We have at last decided upon a name for the '46' [#411s]. 'GLORIANA' in Spencer's 'Fairy Queen'. The 'greatest glorious queen of fairy land' (Webster).
It also refers to Queen Elizabeth & as I have [a] rather soft spot for the name Elizabeth, it appeals to me very much in that respect as well as its euphony.
For the steamer [#164p JAVELIN] how do you like the name 'ZOPHIEL', in Milton's 'Paradise Lost' an angelic scout 'of cherubin the sweetest wing' (Webster) - ? ...
I am of course awaiting with much interest from your next letter to hear how things are progressing & any possible news.
Kind regards to your family, Yours truly [E. D. Morgan]." (Source: Morgan, E.D. [Letter to N. G. Herreshoff.] Herreshoff Marine Museum Correspondence, Folder 98. Access courtesy of Halsey C. Herreshoff. March 22, 1891.)

"A Yacht On New Lines. The Craft Which The Herreshoffs Are Building. A New And Curious Sail Plan Which Is Expected To Work Wonders. A Forty-Six Footer Constructed On A New Plan.
Boston, April 8. --- An air of mystery has surrounded the forty-six-footer being built by the Herreshoffs ever since she was started. During the last two weeks this atmosphere has been thickening. It has been reported that the new craft was to have a large and curious sail plan, and that her over-all length was something tremendous.
The Times's representative took a trip to Bristol yesterday. He was received by N. G. Herreshoff, the designer of the firm, who said:
'We have been keeping this thing pretty quiet, but I suppose we shall have to let you see it now.' In company with Mr. Herreshoff the writer entered the southerly building shed, where a most unusual sight met his eye. It is no exaggeration to say that the Herreshoff boat will attract attention next Summer, for her form above water is very unlike that of the other 46-footers now building. On a water-line length of less than 46 feet, the new boat is within an inch or two of 70 feet over all. This is about 8 feet longer on deck than her competitors will be. This enormous overhang of 24 feet is gained by an increase, partly at each end, but mostly forward. The new boat has no curve at the forefoot at all, but, instead, the line of the keel is carried straight up till it meets the curve of the deck. This naturally gives a long overhang forward, probably not far from eleven-feet. Aft, the counter is carried out much longer and finer than in any of the other forty-six-footers, and about thirteen feet would be the amount of the after overhang. Most unexpected is the shape of the new cutter.
All the other designers in this class --- Burgess, Fife, Paine, and Wintringham --- seem to have approximately the same idea of form, but Herreshoff is on quite another tack. No one can accuse the Herreshoffs of imitating anybody in their design, and if they are right, the others are all wrong, and vice versa.
The load water line is carried forward very full, and looks quite blunt. It has no hollow at all, but, on the contrary, is quite convex clear up to the stem. Aft also the water line is carried back full, and turns in quick at the quarter with what looks like a hard turn. The fullness at the bow is carried up above the water line, and the frames of the forward overhang are quite rounding.
In reply to some surprise expressed at the hard curves of the load water line, Mr. Herreshoff said: 'That makes very little difference. The water doesn't go that way. Look at the diagonals.'
With this explanation it was easy to see the principle upon which the boat was designed. The diagonals showed beautiful easy curves, and it was the effort to make these lines easy which produced the hard-looking water line. All the other designers lay a great deal of stress on the shape or the load water line, but Mr. Herreshoff believes that most of the water displaced goes underneath the boat, and not around the sides; hence his desire to make those lines easy, which, he thinks, regulates the course of the displaced water.
The new cutter is well cut away underneath the quarters, so that there will be a free delivery of the water coming up from underneath. The yacht has a sternpost set with a moderate rake, something under 40 degrees. Unlike all her competitors, this yacht rockers up a little at the heel, her deepest point being several feet forward of the heel of the sternpost The lead keel extends from the heel of the sternpost forward, between twenty-seven and twenty-eight feet. It is cast very thick, and the weight is kept as low as in any of the new boats. Forward the keel rises, giving a good depth to the boat forward, but with no perceptible turn of the forefoot into the peculiar overhang described above. This midship section of the new boat is an easy one. Its widest point is at the deck, and the topside is pretty flat. There is no tumble home, but not much flare.
Below the water line the curve falls away in an easy bilge, with no very hard turn at the garboards.
'She carries about 23 1/3 tons of ballast,' said Mr. Herreshoff. 'Her frames as you see are all steel from stemhead to taffrail, and of course all the deck beams are steel. The steel frames are 1 3/4 by 1 3/4, spaced sixteen inches apart on centres. Her planking is all hard pine, 1 3/8 inches in thickness. The lower courses are single, but about three fourths of the planking is double, both layers being laid fore and aft, the inner coarse being one-half inch and the other seven-eighths inch. All the fastenings are copper. Two wide diagonal plates on each side, extending from deck to keel, strengthen the construction, tying the frames together, and doing away with bilge stringers. One of these starts in the wake of the rigging and the other just forward of the runner plates. Four wide steel plates radiate from the partner's mast and extend diagonally to the rail, strengthening the deck to hold the great strains at the mast. Steel knees tie the frames and the deck beams together, and steel floor timbers secure each pair of frames at the keel, with a strengthening piece extending well up the side. Along the frame the deck planking will be white pine, about one and one-quarter inches thick, covered with canvas to prevent any possible leakage.'
With regard to the sail plan, Mr. Herreshoff said: 'As I remember it now, the main beam[sic] is either 56 or 57 feet long and the gaff is 36 feet. The mast is 59 feet over all. We have gone in for a lower rig than the others and perhaps stretched out longer fore and aft. I am told that some of the new forty-six-footers have the mast placed forward of a point one-third the water-line length from the stern. If this is true, our mast is further aft than theirs. Our foretopsail will be long on the foot, but not so long as the distance between the mast and overhang, as the gammon will not go out clear to the end. Still it will be a broad foresail and a small jib compared with the others, as we shall have a short bowsprit outboard. Our sails will be low in the hoist, but what we lack there we shall make up in topsails. From what I learn I should place our boat as somewhere between the extremes of the new ones in power. I figured her sail plans roughly by the New-York rule, and as I remember it came somewhere about 3,900 square feet.'
The new boat is nearly planked and it is expected that she will be ready by the 1st of June. Evidently the 'surface friction bugbear' does not disturb the Herreshoffs, as they have not tried to cut down the wetted surface unduly. Belowdecks, the Bristol boat will have two staterooms, one on the starboard side aft of the mast and the other aft of the main saloon, and both the width of the boat. The workmanship is of the very highest order and the boat looks as neat as a pin in every detail of construction." (Source: Anon. "A Yacht On New Lines. The Craft Which The Herreshoffs Are Building." New York Times, April 9, 1891, p. ?.)

"A new 46-feet cutter, 'The Gloriana' designed and built for Mr. E. D. Morgan, by the Herreshoff Manufacturing Co., of this town, was successfully launched from their yard about 6.30 o'clock Wednesday [May 6, 1891] evening." (Source: Anon. "Local Affairs." Bristol Phoenix, May 9, 1891, p. 2.)

"On May 6 [1891] the new Morgan 46, Gloriana, was launched at Herreshoff's works, Bristol, R. I. She is painted white, with the green bottom paint carried up to the copper line. Her deck is canvased, a novelty in a crack yacht. Below she is fully fitted up in butternut, with cruising accommodations. Mr. Morgan will sail her in racing, and she will be in the early races at New York." (Source: Anon. "Gloriana." Forest and Stream, May 14, 1891, p. 339.)

"GLORIANA. --- The Herreshoff 46 is nearly ready, and should be in good shape before the first of the New York races. She is being rigged by Billman, of Boston, while Wilson & Silsby have made her sails." (Source: Anon. "Gloriana." Forest and Stream, May 21, 1891, p. 364.)

"... In many respects [the 46-foot class] will be the hottest class ever seen in this country, and in interesting features it surpasses even the 40-foot class, which has been the leading feature in yachting for two seasons. ...
Mr. Herreshoff has given his boat longer overhangs in proportion to load water line length than have ever been seen before, and with full lines forward, he has produced a most novel racing craft. She has a raking stern post like the Burgess boats but rockers up at the heel, and with greatest draught forward of the heel the keel from there takes a straight shoot for the water line forward, giving her a peculiar profile below the water line. Owners of other 46-footers seem to be afraid of the Herreshoff boat. She is owned and will be sailed by E. D. Morgan, her owner, and at present before any races have been sailed, this boat is feared by all the rest of the yachtsmen in the class. Before it was known that Nat Herreshoff had designed a 46-footer, Commodore Newbury D. Lawton of the Atlantic Yacht Club voiced the sentiments of a majority of the yachtsmen here when he said, warily: 'Keep your eye on Gen. Paine,' but to-day yachtsmen warn everybody to look oat for Nat Herreshoff. The Gloriana, for that is her name, has been sailing in Newport Harbor for more than a week, and ought to be in good shape for the Atlantic yacht Club's annual regatta Jane 16 [1891]. ...
'I don't care half as much about the rules just now as I do about that Herreshoff boat.' [said J. Rogers Maxwell, owner of the 46-footers Nautilus and Shamrock.] 'When she buries some of that overhang of hers she will have length enough to give her an advantage over the rest of us, and then you must remember that Nat Herreshoff is a clever man and knows what he is about.' " (Source: Anon. "Look Out for Herreshoff. His 46-Foot Yacht is Liable to Surprise Somebody." New York Sun, June 1, 1891, p. 5.)

"Gloriana, sloop yacht, of Newport.
Built at Bristol, RI, by Herreshoff Manufacturing Co.
22.55 gross tons, 21.42 net tons; 55.8 ft. x 13.1 ft. x 10.5 ft. [Register length x breadth x depth.]
One deck, one mast, plain head, transom stern.
Surveyed and measured, June 12, 1891." (Source: U.S. Customs Department, Bristol, R.I. Custom House Record Book, 1870s to 1904 (Collection of the Herreshoff Marine Museum), s.v. Gloriana.)

"THE principal interest and excitement of the opening racing season is centered in the 46ft. class, and of the dozen competing boats no other has been watched and discussed to the same extent as the Herreshoff craft, Gloriana, owned by Mr. Morgan. It is an old trick of the Herreshoff's to have a surprise of some sort ready to spring on the yachting public in the June regattas: once it was the famous catamaran [#187601es Amaryllis in 1876], another time the swift launch Stiletto [#118p Stiletto in 1885], again the smaller launch Henrietta [#133p Henrietta in 1886]; and though in this case the new venture has been described in print and her possible performances discounted, so that a win will cause no surprise, her work will be the chief feature of the week's races.
It is needless to say that she is thoroughly original, the Herreshoff's are no mere copyists, and if she succeeds they may fairly claim all the credit. Her model is unlike all the rest of her class, and as seen afloat she is by no means remarkable for beauty. The forward overhang is not only very long, but lacks grace and symmetry, the topsides are round and full, and the counter long, wide and flat. The bulwarks are of oak, about 5in. high amidships, and with no rail or cap; the topsides are plain white from waterline to planksheer, and there is not a line of carving or gilding to relieve the full, heavy look of the boat. On deck and below, however, two points are noticeable, the workmanship is good, a neat and workmanlike finish to joiner work, etc., and the predominating consideration has been utility rather than style. The deck is of 1 1/8. matched boards, in a single thickness, but covered with painted canvas, making a strong, tight and serviceable deck. The interior is very handsomely finished in plain butternut wood, there being a large room for the captain on the starboard side abreast the mast, a very light and roomy main cabin, and a ladies' cabin aft. The composite construction, with the full model, gives a great deal of space below. There are no channels, the chainplates being inside the skin and apparently amply strong. The rigging is fitted with turnbuckles, the barrel of each being a steel tube with a slot on each side through which split pins may he inserted in the screw ends to prevent them turning. The bowsprit bitts are of special design, made of steel plate, while the gammon iron is rather heavy, with two iron or steel braces from it, their after ends forming eyes through which pass the wooden bowsprit fid, thus throwing a strain on the gammon and stem head instead of on the deck frame. A capstan of special design, fitted for chain, is placed just abaft the bowsprit, being geared for two or three speeds. The main sheet bitts are in the form of timber heads in the deck nearly amidships, while about the deck are two sizes of composition skeleton cleats in plenty. Like the rest of the class, there are no riding bitts of any kind visible. There is a shoal cockpit of good size aft, with an oak coaming taking in a large piece of the deck for seats. The tiller ships in a brass socket attached to the rudder bead, which is of metal working in a brass tube, this socket sliding on a short curved track. There are two travelers for the main sheet, one about 4ft. abaft the other. The most peculiar detail on the yacht is the main boom gooseneck, which is a sort of combination revolving spider band. On the mast is a collar of iron with two flanges about 2in. apart. Around this collar and between the flanges is a strong ring of composition, carrying on the after side two jaws or lugs between which the end of the boom is secured by a horizontal bolt, while on the fore side is the spinaker boom gooseneck and socket, and on each side are four belaying pins for halliards, etc. The boom and ring move together, the latter moving around the mast, being held from rising or falling by the flanges mentioned, while as a matter of course the spinaker boom and the pins and halliards partake of the same movement. The fittings throughout are mostly of composition in place of iron or steel. The boat is one of the shortest in waterline length, but more than makes up in sail, carrying a very large rig. The boom, gaff and yards are hollow." (Source: Anon. "Gloriana." Forest and Stream, June 18, 1891, p. 448.)

"[Abstract of register or enrollment. Pos. 376:]
Gloriana, sloop yacht, of Bristol.
Built at Bristol; 1891.
21.42 tons; 55.8 ft. x 13.1 ft. x 10.5 ft. [Register length x breadth x depth.]
One deck, one mast, plain head.
Enr[olled] and Lic[ensed] [as] (yacht) June 30, 1891. Owner: E. D. Morgan of Newport. Master: E. D. Morgan.
Surrendered [license] May 6, 1892 at Philadelphia. ([Record at:] C[ustom] H[ouse, Providence])." (Source: Survey of Federal Archives, Work Projects Administration. Ships Documents of Rhode Island. Bristol. Ship Registers and Enrollments of the Port of Bristol - Warren Rhode Island, 1941, s.v. Gloriana.)

"[Detailed article on Gloriana and the Herreshoffs including photos and drawings.]" (Source: Anon. "Gloriana and the Herreshoffs." Forest and Stream, April 28, 1892, p. 404-406.)

"[Detailed article on Gloriana and the Herreshoffs including photos and drawings.]" (Source: Anon. "Gloriana and the Herreshoffs." Forest and Stream, May 5, 1892, p. 430-434.)

"The forty-six-foot class was the racing class of 1891, and it continued the advance in American yacht designing begun by the forty-footers.
An idea of the progress made in naval architecture is gained from the fact that the forty-six-footers, in ordinary racing weather, are practically as fast, boat for boat, as the present seventy-footers. The seventy-footers have been looked upon as one of the best racing classes in America, which makes the speed of the forty-six-footers all the more remarkable.
For the racing season of 1891 nine forty-six-footers were built, five from Burgess designs, and one each from the draughting boards of Herreshoff, Paine, Fife and Wintringham. These nine boats, costing in the aggregate over $100,000, represent the price which America's wealthy yachtsmen were willing to pay for one season's sport, as the racing life of a new boat nowadays rarely lasts much over a season, so quickly is the old boat 'out-built' by the new.
Of all this fleet the 'Gloriana,' designed by the Herreshoffs of Bristol, R.I., for Vice-Commodore E. D. Morgan of New York, was easily the best. She closed the season with the remarkable record of eight first prizes without a defeat. At the close of her racing career, one or two of her competitors were getting dangerously near, and there is no doubt that her early preparation gave 'Gloriana' an advantage at the beginning of the season. Still, it was not the 'Gloriana's' fault if her rivals did not get into shape to meet her, and it is the advantage enjoyed by Mr. 'Nat' Herreshoff that as designer, builder and yacht sailer he has the best of opportunities to get a single yacht into trim and keep her there." (Source: Peabody, Henry G. Representative American Yachts. Boston, 1893, p. 12.

"We now come to a typical American cutter; the famous yacht GLORIANA. She is one of nine yachts of the 40 foot class, designed by N. G. Herreshoff, and built by the Herreshoff Mfg. Co., in the year 1891. She was originally owned by Vice-Commodore E. D. Morgan, of the New York Yacht Club, but is now the property of W. Barton Hopkins, M. D., of Philadelphia. She was built under the personal direction of her former owner, and while most of the other 40 footers were partially completed before Gloriana's keel was laid, she was afloat before any of the other nine. It is worth while noting that she was in as good trim at the beginning of the season as she was at the close, in the last of August.
Gloriana was the first boat of any note built by the Herreshoffs in many years, even though they never ceased to be regarded as builders of fast yachts. Her cost was in the neighborhood of $12,000, and both in her designing and building the greatest care and earnestness were manifested, which may account, in a great degree, for her staunchness amid the general run of accidents which befell the 40 foot class of 1891. The following are her dimensions:
Length over all, 70 feet.
Length load waterline, 45 feet 2 inches.
Depth 10 feet 5 inches.
Draft, 10 feet 6 inches.
Beam, 13 feet.
Official Number, 86,152.
The racing record of Gloriana for 1891 is as follows:
New York Yacht Club, Regatta, June 18th: ---Gloriana won, beating Mineola, Nautilus and Jessica. Again on August 7th, in the Goelet Cup series, she won from Barbara, Sayonara, etc. On August 13th, Gloriana competed for the Special Cups and won the first prize, a cup valued at $500.
Atlantic Yacht Club, Twenty-sixth Annual Regatta, June 16th: Gloriana defeated Nautilus, Jessica and Mineola. These same yachts with the addition of Sayonara, were again defeated in the Special Race of June 23, GLORIANA winning the cup offered by Commodore Banks.
Seawanhaka Corinthian Yacht Club: --- Won from Nautilus and Jessica in a race held June 20.
Corinthian Yacht Club of New York: --- In the
Annual Races held June 22nd, GLORIANA defeated Jessica and Sayonara. In the Sweepstakes Race of August 17th, she won a prize of $595, coming in first with seven starters. Racing Record, 1892:
Annual Cruise, New York Yacht Club, August 3, 1892: --- Wasp beat Gloriana, Sayo-NARA, and Liris on the run to New London.
Run from New London to Newport, August 4th: --- Gloriana beat Wasp, Mineola, Uvira and Sayonara in order named.
In the race from Newport starting at Brenton's Reef, Harpoon beat Gloriana after a whole day's fight.
On August 6th in the race to Vineyard Haven, Gloriana and Harpoon had a close race, the former winning, however, by a few seconds.
In the fifth race of the Cruise, from Vineyard Haven to Marblehead, Wasp beat Gloriana." (Source: Mott, Henry Augustus. Yachts and Yachtsmen of America. New York, 1894, p. 36-37.)

"Boston, Mass., April 28 [1894] --- The Gloriana has been painted black above the waterline, with a gold stripe under the rail. She will be taken out of [sic] the railway at Lawley's next week to have her bottom painted." (Source: Anon. "Eastern Yachting News." New York Times, April 29, 1894, p. 11.)

"[Gloriana (Sail, K) owned by M. Lasell, Port: Boston; LOA 70.9ft; LWL 45.3ft; Beam 13ft; Draft 10.3ft; designed by N. G. Herreshoff and built by Herreshoff Manufact'g Co in 1891.]" (Source: Stebbins 1896 Yachtsmen's Album, p. 41)

"The celebrated Herreshoff sloop yacht Gloriana was hauled out Wednesday on the marine railway at Walker's cove, and will be laid up there for the winter." (Source: Anon. "News and Notes of Local Interest." Bristol Phoenix, October 1, 1897, p. 2.)

"... about two dozen notable craft are stored in the [Herreshoff] yards and many of them are being made ready for the yachting season. Among them are the famous 46-footer Gloriana, which astonished the world in '91 by her peculiar lines and tremendous speed, ..." (Source: Anon. "Hustling At Herreshoff's." Bristol Phoenix, April 28, 1899, p. 1.)

"Capt Berry, who was mate on the cup winner Defender during the races in 1895, is here and is to be the skipper of the forty-six footer Gloriana now hauled out at the Herreshoffs Walker's cove marine railway. The Gloriana is to be put in commission as soon as possible." (Source: Anon. "Bristol and Vicinity." Bristol Phoenix, May 5, 1899, p. 2.)

"... The celebrated 46-footer Gloriana is going into commission, and the owner, J. M. Laselle, has engaged Captain James Berry as skipper. ..." (Source: Anon. "The Craft And Those Who Sail Them." New York Tribune, May 13, 1899, p. 4.)

"A dispatch from New York says: 'The 46-footer Gloriana, which was built in Bristol in 1891 and which partly revolutionized yacht building by the success of her extended overhang, has been sold by her owner, J. M. Lasell of the New York Yacht Club. A man who gave the name of Smith came to the yard where the Gloriana is laid up last Friday and said he had bought her. He looked over the craft and expressed himself greatly pleased with her. ..." (Source: Anon. "Bristol and Vicinity." Bristol Phoenix, November 21, 1899, p. 3.)

"YACHTS AND YACHTSMEN. The noted cutter Gloriana, one of the fastest yachts that ever sailed along the Atlantic Coast, will be one of those that will make the voyage inland before the yacht-racing season on the lakes begins. As already mentioned, she will fly the private signal of Burt H. Whiteley. The Gloriana is the first of the Eastern crackajacks to be sold, but before the season opens at least six of the best-known boats in these waters will probably have Chicago for a home port. The Gloriana was designed and built by the Herreshoffs in the Fall of 1891. At that time she was remarkable for the great overhang forward, while her underbody showed the greatest depth a few feet forward of her sternpost. That these innovations were advantageous was shown by her performances the following season, when her owner, E. D. Morgan, sailed her in twenty races, all of which she won. The Gloriana is 70 feet over all, 45 feet 3 inches on the water line, 13 feet beam, and 10 feet 2 inches draught. ..." (Source: Anon. "Yachts and Yachtsmen." New York Times, January 21, 1900, p. 28.)

"The swift cutter Gloriana has been sold by J. M. Lasell of Boston to Walter Abbott of the same city. She is now being refitted and painted at Wood's Shipyard, City Island, preparatory to a commission in Massachusetts Bay. The Gloriana was designed by 'Nat' Herreshoff and lauched at Bristol in 1891. She falls within the specifications of the 51-foot racing class, and will probably try the mettle of some of the new 46-footers now building at Herreshoff's before the season is over." (Source: Anon. "Notes for Yachtsmen." New York Times, April 10, 1900, p. 8.)

"Special to The New York Times. CITY ISLAND, N.Y., May 27 [1900] --- A fire occurred in the steward's quarters last night on board the sloop yacht Gloriana, owned by Walter Abbott of Boston, and now lying at anchor in the harbor at this place. A new kerosene stove had a few days previously been installed aboard the Gloriana, and worked very well until Saturday evening, when the boat, rolling from the swell from passing Sound steamers, caused the oil to flood near the blaze. The oil ignited, causing an explosion. Capt. Krognes and his crew managed to extinguish the flames with buckets of water before any serious damage was done. The ceiling was badly scorched and the sleeping quarters drenched with water. After repairs are made the Gloriana will sail for Boston Harbor." (Source: Anon. "Fire on the Yacht Gloriana." New York Times, May 28, 1900, p. 8.)

"... Gloriana in the hands of C. F. Adams 2d has been turning the tables on Wasp [#414s], her old-time rival, in the club runs of the Eastern Y. C. ..." (Source: Anon. "Notes From The Week's Log." Boston Globe, July 16, 1905, p. 40.)

"Commodore Gordon Abbott's 46-foot sloop Gloriana was also hauled out at [Stearns & McKay's, Marblehead] last week for painting, in preparation for the Eastern yacht club's cruise." (Source: Anon. "Notes from the Week's Log." Boston Globe, June 28, 1908, p. 33.)

"... The 46-footer Gloriana, Commodore Gordon Abbott, was also hauled out [at Lawley's] for repairs and painting. While on the Eastern Y. C. cruise she struck a sunken ledge off Camden. ..." (Source: Anon. "Notes from the Week's Log." August 2, 1908, p. 36.)

"The famous 46-footer Gloriana, the first of the type with the spoon bow, has been broken up. She was a great vessel in her day and caused a radical change in the model of the modern racing yacht. She made her first appearance in 1891, having been built by Herreshoff for former Commodore E. D. Morgan. That season saw a fine class of 46-footers. ... These boats were built to the old rule of sail area plus waterline length, divided by two, and all except Gloriana were of the old type, with clipper bows and moderate form. Gloriana was 71 feet over all, 46 feet waterline, 13 feet 2 inches beam and 10 feet 4 inches draft. She spread 4,200 square feet of canvas. ... Gloriana went through the season without a defeat. She started in eight races and won all.
The next season Herreshoff turned out Wasp [#414s] for Archibald Rogers, and Wasp defeated Gloriana as easily as she had defeated the others. Gloriana changed owners several times and was last the property of Gordon Abbott, who in 1908 was commodore of the Eastern Y. C. That summer the yacht ran on a rock while racing, and when hauled out was found to be severely strained and her lead keel was badly gouged and bent. Of all that fine class of racing yachts, [the Burgess-designed] Oweene and Sayonara are the only ones left in active use. ... Others, including Wasp, have gone to the junk heap.
Mr. Abbott has usually laid Gloriana up at Lawleys, and last month the yacht was placed there as usual, but toward the end of the month workmen began to tear out the inside of the vessel and her lead keel will soon be cut up and sold." (Source: Anon. "End of Gloriana." Forest and Stream, November 19, 1910, p. 822.)

"... This year [1910] will long be remembered as one when many of the most famous racing yachts of these waters were broken up. Vigilant [#437s] and Volunteer [designed by Burgess], two cup defenders; Gloriana [#411s] and Wasp [#414s], two of the best of the 46-footers, and several others have gone to the junk heap or gone into trade, and the last to disappear is Jubilee, which was built for Gen. Charles E. Paine for cup honors in 1893. ..." (Source: Anon. "Some News and a Little Gossip." Forest and Stream, December 3, 1910, p. 903.)

"... A short time later [after the Herreshoff Manufacturing Company had built #408s Pelican for Morgan's brother in law], when the forty-six foot class was gotten up by the New York Yacht Club I said I would build a boat, so I went with all haste to Bristol and laid the proposition before Nat Herreshoff, who told me to come back in about two or three weeks and he would show me what he planned. Again I made the trip to Bristol and found the plans for the Gloriana, forty-six feet water line and seventy feet over all. In March, 1891, I made the first payment on her. My hopes were so high for her that Mrs. Morgan felt apprehensive that I might have a dreadful disappointment. There was no disappointment about the Gloriana, however. I sailed her in eight races that summer and won every one except when Nat Herreshoff sailed her one day for me when I was under the weather. She not only did what was expected of her but she revolution ized yacht designing. With the principle of the Pelican [#408s] before her, we felt pretty certain that the plan was a good one and began as a serious proposition with the Gloriana, and Nat went on with his consistent developments, and it is the principle of the long sailing line that is in vogue today. ..." (Source: Morgan, Edwin Denison. Recollections For My Family. New York, 1938, p. 169-170.)

"GLORIANA. This turning-point design by Herreshoff made an enormous impression in 1891, winning eight straight races. Too much of her speed was attributed to her sharply undercut bow, as W. P. Stephens had always been vociferous in pointing out. The real truth was that much of her advantage came from her strong yet light construction, which permitted a high ballast ratio. Herreshoff himself paid little attention to her after she proved her worth because he was then in his most productive period. He quickly left GLORIANA behind and went on to WASP in 1892. Virtually no direct descendants of GLORIANA were ever built by Herreshoff because the WASP model eclipsed her." (Source: Streeter, John W., editorial note. In: Herreshoff, Nathanael Greene and William Picard Stephens. "Their Last Letters 1930-1938." Annotated by John W. Streeter. Bristol, R. I., ca. 1999, p. 5.)

"Gloriana's story has become an American yachting legend, and any good book on yachting history contains the tale. Briefly, here's what happened, first in the words of E. D. Morgan, who had her built: 'When the 46-Foot class was gotten up by the New York Yacht Club, I said I would build a boat, so I went with all haste to Bristol and laid the proposition before Nat Herreshoff, who told me to come back in about two or three weeks and he would show me what he planned. Again I made the trip to Bristol and found the plans for the Gloriana, 46 feet waterline and 70 feet overall. My hopes were so high for her that Mrs. Morgan felt apprehensive that I might have a dreadful disappointment. There was no disappointment about Gloriana, however. I sailed her in eight races that summer and won every one, except when Nat Herreshoff sailed her one day for me when I was under the weather. She not only did what was expected of her, but she revolutionized yacht designing.'
... After laying her up for the winter off his Newport estate, E. D. Morgan --- perhaps fearing defeat by Wasp [#414s], the new 1892 Herreshoff 46-Footer --- sold Gloriana before her second season. In other hands, her useful life spanned some eighteen years." (Source: Bray, Maynard and Carlton Pinheiro. Herreshoff of Bristol. Brooklin, Maine, 1989, p. 52-53.)

"N/A"

"[Item Description:] Penciled framing plan of an unidentifed boat with bow and underwater shape reminiscent of #411s GLORIANA or #408s PELICAN. Compared to GLORIANA this design has even more forefoot cut away and a much shorter transom (i.e. its rudderblade is comparably further aft). The hull and keel profile provide a nearly perfect match with Model 1318 and WRDT08_08150 which are believed to represent a step between PELICAN and GLORIANA. On verso are two overlaid penciled sketches showing bow and transom profiles of this design." (Source: Herreshoff, N. G. (creator). Framing plan. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Acc. 2004.0001.0531. WRDT08, Folder 42. No date (fall of 1890 ?).)
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"[Item Description:] Penciled sailplan and full sections of an unidentified boat rigged alternatively as a gaff sloop or as a cat yawl. Reminiscent of #408s PELICAN with which it shares the catyawl rig and much of the hull profile. The hull and keel profile provide a nearly perfect match with Model 1318 and WRDT08_08100 which are believed to to represent a step between PELICAN and #411s GLORIANA. With calculations 'Ballast 7000[lbs]. Hull 3200[lbs]. Rig 500[lbs]. Equip[ment] 300[lbs]. [Total weight] 11000[lbs]'." (Source: Herreshoff, N. G. (creator). Penciled Sailplan. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Acc. 2004.0001.0532. WRDT08, Folder 43. No date (fall of 1890 ?).)
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"[Item Description:] Penciled table comparing 'Length', '[symbol]', 'Disp[lacement] 2000' [i.e. short tons], 'Estimate of Cost' and 'Per D' [i.e. Cost per Displacement in Short Tons] for seven different designs: '69 1/2ft [probably #188603es Unbuilt America's Cup Defender for William Ziegler]', '26 1/2[ft] PELICAN [#408s]', '29 1/2[ft #409s GANNET]', '29 1/2[ft] CLARA [#402s]', '23[ft] IRIS [#406s]', '45[ft #411s GLORIANA ???]', and '45[ft #414s WASP ?]'. (Note that cost estimates differ from those in the Construction Record.)" (Source: Herreshoff, N.G. (creator). Cost Estimate. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MRDE05_01730. Folder [no #]. No date (1891 ?).)
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"[Item Description:] Penciled preliminary or study sailplan and section of a gaff sloop with long bowsprit, topsail, reverse-curve bow and a long sloping deep keel. Compare with WRDT08_08180 titled 'GLORIANA [#411s] (Original)' which provides a near-perfect match in hull profiles. Compared to the final design of GLORIANA this design has a slightly fuller forefoot and a slightly shorter transom (i.e. its rudderblade is comparably further aft). Compare also with Model 1318 and WRDT08_08100 which has its forefoot cut a bit more away and which has a shorter transom (i.e. its rudderblade is comparably further aft) and which are believed to represent a step between #408s PELICAN and GLORIANA. Untitled, no notes. With calculations arriving at sail areas of 3797sqft and 2925sqft." (Source: Herreshoff, N. G. (creator). Penciled Sketch. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Acc. 2004.0001.0529. WRDT08, Folder 41. No date (early 1891 ?).)
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"[Item Description:] Penciled preliminary or study sailplan of a gaff sloop with long bowsprit, topsail, reverse-curve bow and a long sloping deep keel. Titled 'GLORIANA [#411s] (Original)'. With calculations arriving at total sail areas of 4105sqft and 3335sqft. Compare with WRDT08_09090, untitled, which provides a near-perfect match in hull profiles. " (Source: Herreshoff, N. G. (creator). Penciled Sailplan. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Acc. 2004.0001.0533. WRDT08, Folder 43. No date (early 1891 ?).)
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"[Item Description:] Penciled preliminary construction plan with inboard profile, plan view and sections titled 'GLORIANA [#411s]'. Undated, GLORIANA was designed in February 1891." (Source: Herreshoff, N.G. (creator). Penciled Construction Plan. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MRDE02_06700. Folder [no #]. No date (1891-02 ?).)
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"[Item Description:] Telegram: Very sorry cannot possible leave here now. Am trying to trace drawing. [Apparently related to the contracting for #411s GLORIANA.]" (Source: Morgan, E.D. Telegram to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_77260. Correspondence, Folder 98. 1891-02-10.)
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"[Item Transcription:] I have thought over the matter of the 46-footer [#411s GLORIANA] and as I wired you today have decided to build. She is not exactly what I want but the temptation of so good a racing class was very great. I think the price high but understand she will have the best of everything. The Boston boats will be never less[?] expensive but I hope less speedy. I notice by the dimensions that[?] high[?] has exaggerated[?] the UVIRA's[?] topside fulum[?] so I am convinced more than ever that your idea is the correct one. As soon as I can I will send you a list of the racing sails I used on MOCCASIN. Don't forget the plough steel wire as I think it is good having greater strength for diameter[?]. I wish you would send me a model as I am very anxious to look it over and get intimate with it. Also a drawing of sail plan. Of course we want to carry all the sail we can. Boom & gaff should be hollow & by the way I should like to keep the matter quiet as long as possible as I particularly dislike newspaper talk. I shall not speak of the mater to anyone. Before I forget it the drawing of the steamer [#164p JAVELIN] came & I think it most satisfactory, the only thing I would like to have changed is the fore & aft diameter of stack, in the drawing it is 2ft 6in & I would like to have it 3 feet.
To return to the '46' [#411s GLORIANA] I think it will be most interesting & should she prove the winner, how fine we would feel.
I am very sorry I cannot go on to Bristol but it is an absolute impossibility just at present. I shall, however, do so when I can. In the meantime I hope you will keep me posted as to progress in the construction & any new 'wrinkles' you may have. I wish you would send me deck & floor plans & the way you would suggest cutting her up. I like a narrow cockpit & I like an after stateroom. Can they both be had. The 'CLARA's [ #402s] cockpit is large enough for anything. I have forgotten the draft you mentioned. What a draft the BARBARA has & what a raking stempost[.?] When writing if you think of any crehetsuns[?] on the other 46's mention then[?] that I may have some food for thought. Mrs. Morgan joins me in sending kind remembrances to your family & with hopes of hearing from you soon I am, ..." (Source: Morgan, E.D. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_77270. Correspondence, Folder 98. 1891-02-16.)
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"[Item Transcription:] I was very interested in the sail plan [apparently for #411s GLORIANA] and newspaper cuttings you sent. I do not get the Boston papers and they seem to have the best of the yachting[?] news.
The sail plan I have studied a great deal & I like it very much & before I forget it don't you think it would be well to secure the spars as soon as possible & have them made in order that they may be fairly dry. I hope there is no chance of the going over her lens[?] from any cause taking up wrigt[?] in her bottom reiter[?]. As to steering I don't know what to say, all things being equal I prefer a tiller & I think one can steer fine provided he[?] does not have to 'put his bael[?] into it'. I agree with you in thinking that our boat compares very favorably with the others.
When the [New York] Herald man[?] says the BARBARA will be the tenderest of the lot & judges from the mid section only I cannot quite agree with him & feel positive they will find that[?] scless[?] mistaken next summer. I am delighted that the General[?] [Paine?] is taking such an interest & wish I knew a little more about his boat. I take it from assumption she is to be somewhat of the PURITAN type with rather hard bilge, my hope is that with his[?] feeling that the VOLUNTEER's bow should[?] be fine that he may combine the very fine[?] bow & broad tram[?] without menen[?] overhang w[hic]h he used to say was unnecessary topweight on the whole.
I think she is a boat to be feared in good trim[?]. I wired you today that I would if possible go in[?] for a day next week. I am very anxious to & will make every effort but as I have so much on hand here am very uncertain. The '46 class' is going to be great sport I think & I am very much pleased to be in it & also at my[?] prospects. Do keep me posted as I hear no 'yachting'[?] down her. Everybody talks horse. [Incl. envelope.]" (Source: Morgan, E.D. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_77330. Correspondence, Folder 98. 1891-02-25.)
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"[Item Description:] [Telegram:] Plan [for #411s GLORIANA] and cuttings rec[eive]d. Shall be very busy rest of this week. If I can possibly arrange it will run[?] on next week but do not count on me. Will write." (Source: Morgan, E.D. Telegram to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_77480. Correspondence, Folder 98. 1891-02-25.)
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"[Item Transcription:] Mr. Morgan desires me to send you the following items concerning the MOCCASIN which we have culled from the various data we have concerning her.
The Herreshoff anchor was 150 lbs, the other 100 lbs.
The rigging was galvanized.
The chain cable was 7/16in and not 9/16in as thought and was galvanized.
The 60 fathoms manilla cable was 4 in [diameter].
The boom slides were of this shape [sketch].
The fore-sheet leaders were like this [sketch] not blocks.
The B.B.B. 7/16 crane-chain we got of J.B. Carr & Co., Troy, N.Y.
The binnacle & compass we got of C.G. Hutchinson, Boston, Mass.
The plumbing was done by E.B. Vannevar, No 58, Fulton St., Boston, Mass.
The rigging was furnished by Roebling's Son Co., 117 Liberty St., NY, it was of plough steel from 110 to 120 tons per square inch and of these dimensions: [table]
I will send you the N.Y. Yacht Club book in a day or two. Enclosed please find two blanks which please fill out for the two new boats [#411s GLORIANA and #164p JAVELIN] and return here. [Incl. envelope.]" (Source: Reeves, C.J. (on behalf of Morgan, E.D.). Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_77390. Correspondence, Folder 98. 1891-03-11.)
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"[Item Description:] Blueprint spar plan titled in pencil in lower right corner "#411 GLORIANA" showing dimensioned plans of 'Mast, Oregon Pine, 58ft long', 'Boom 56ft 6in long, to be hollowed', 'Bowsprit 28ft 6in long), 'Topmast 36ft 9in long', 'Gaff, 36ft 6in long. To be hollowed out', and 'Spinnaker Boom. To be hollow'. Stamped ''Herreshoff Mf'g Cp. Bristol, R.I. Builders of Steam Vessels & Steam Machinery' (and thus indicating this blueprint was intended to be used off premises of HMCo, probably by a spar maker). This blueprint was made from HMCo Plan 80-16 (HH.5.05920) which is dated March 14, [18]91 (and which also includes two topsail yards and a topsail club not shown on this blueprint)." (Source: Herreshoff Manufacturing Co. (creator). Blueprint. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Acc. 2004.0001.0165. WRDT08, Folder 16, formerly MRDE06. No date (ca 1891-03-14).)
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"[Item Description:] [Telegram: ] I will have the canvas deck [for #411s GLORIANA]. Have written." (Source: Morgan, E.D. Telegram to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_77440. Correspondence, Folder 98. 1891-03-18.)
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"[Item Transcription:] I was just sitting down to write you a respectable letter, but as usual some people have come in & I will have to cut it short & will[?] again soon.
Concerning the deck I have spent much thinking over it & have decided to take Mrs Morgan's advice and have the lighter or canvas deck on the principle that my object is to win so we will go ahead on that. The comparisons of our boat with the newspaper boats are very inhuljiny[?] but my faith is unshaken in our boat. The ALLERION [sic, ALERION?] is very pretty indeed indeed [as a possible name for #411s GLORIANA] & it now lies between that and the 'SABRINA' a new[?] nymph, the only objection I have to the former being that the dictionary 'defines' it as an Eagle without beak or claws, what do you think of the two names.
From the accounts in the papers it is very evident the General[?] [Paine] is going for a great deal of power.
Have you ordered the sails yet?
Mrs Morgan & I are hoping to go to Newport ab[ou]t middle April. If we do of course we will go to Bristol.
Thank you for the slips [providing #411s GLORIANA and #164p JAVELIN for club yearbook(s) and/or the American Yacht List]. [Incl. envelope.]" (Source: Morgan, E.D. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_77450. Correspondence, Folder 98. 1891-03-18.)
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"[Item Transcription:] I enclose herewith the contract [apparently for #411s GLORIANA], signed. I did not mention the hollow spars as being dowelled as well as glued with potcheese [i.e. curd which is pure casein] & lime but I suppose of course that will be done as there in lies the strength.
I also send the notes I rec[eive]d today from the NYYC & have marked the plan[?, place?] referring to boats. So you see we will have to have something very light & wish a shayhi[?] - sheer for putting in such bottom side up. I have not seen anything in the papers of interest lately, & I look them religiously[?] through.
I have subscribed to the Boston Herald & Globe that nothing may escape me, ...
P.S. I suppose I will get a notification as payments are due." (Source: Morgan, E.D. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_77510. Correspondence, Folder 98. 1891-03-20.)
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"[Item Description:] Penciled table titled '#411 GLORIANA' with tabulated data for running rigging. Undated (HMCo Plan HH.5.07291 (091-022) block list is dated March 20, 1891)." (Source: Herreshoff, N.G. (creator). Penciled Table. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MRDW02_01760. Folder [no #]. No date (before 1891-03-20 ?).)
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"[Item Description:] Penciled table titled '#411 GLORIANA' with tabulated data for blocks. Undated (HMCo Plan HH.5.07291 (091-022) block list is dated March 20, 1891)." (Source: Herreshoff, N.G. (creator). Penciled Table. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MRDW02_01780. Folder [no #]. No date (before 1891-03-20 ?).)
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"[Item Description:] Penciled table titled 'Block List for #411 GLORIANA'. Undated (HMCo Plan HH.5.07291 (091-022) block list is dated March 20, 1891)." (Source: Herreshoff, N.G. (creator). Penciled Table. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MRDW02_02570. Folder [no #]. No date (before 1891-03-20 ?).)
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"[Item Transcription:] We have at last decided upon a name for the '46' [#411s]. 'GLORIANA' in Spencer's 'Fairy Queen'. The 'greatest glorious queen of fairy land' (Webster).
It also refers to Queen Elizabeth & as I have [a] rather soft spot for the name Elizabeth, it appeals to me very much in that respect as well as its euphony.
For the steamer [#164p JAVELIN] how do you like the name 'ZOPHIEL', in Milton's 'Paradise Lost' an angelic scout 'of cherubin the sweetest wing' (Webster) - ?
By the way I forget[?] to answer you about the diameter of ports. If they are not yet started I think six (6) inches would be better five (5). I saw a paragraph in the paper today saying[?] the Prince[?] thought of making the VOLUNTEER into a schooner. I suppose he wants a tender to the racer if it is true.
I am of course awaiting with much interest from your next letter to hear how things are progressing & any possible news." (Source: Morgan, E.D. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_77490. Correspondence, Folder 98. 1891-03-22.)
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"[Item Description:] [Telegram:] No reason for with-holding name of forty six [#411s GLORIANA] as you say it had better come out correctly." (Source: Morgan, E.D. Telegram to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_77550. Correspondence, Folder 98. 1891-03-27.)
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"[Item Description:] I am glad you like the name GLORIANA [#411s] as we are particularly pleased with it. 'ZOPHIEL' I got fr[om] Urtolius[?] last production w[ic]h has a enpartment[?] for names of fiction but on second thoughts we fear the boatmen will make a mess of it & fashion some caricature of the name upon her and she will only[?] lose. So we think we will try again. A steamer [#164p] is seen[?] a thoroughly matter of fact affair that perhaps it would better to give her a more conventional name. The STILETTO [#118p] was so well named that our minds turn towards something similar. What do you think of 'JAVELIN' or 'HASTA' w[hic]h means Javelin or 'FESTINA' w[hic]h means quick or 'ROSINANTE' or can you suggest something. The deck[?] of the st[eame]r [#164p JAVELIN] I think sh[ou]ld be like 'GANNET's' [#409s] only a little more gray. Space bet[ween?] finder[?] strake[?] & hand-rail just a shade darker gray than the sides & bottom while then she will certainly look like a whale. I don't know but it w[ou]ld be better to paint each[?] just a shade darker gray than space bet[ween] finder[?] & rail giving the successive shades for which bottom to dark back but the clean[?] we can decide on a letter later. You say you fear you cannot furnish her by end of June don't you mean May. I hope so as July would be very late." (Source: Morgan, E.D. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_77560. Correspondence, Folder 98. 1891-03-27.)
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"[Item Description:] Just a line to say that the N.Y.Y.C. have decided to permit the two smaller classes w.l. 40 & 46 ft boats to carry 10 ft round bottom boats. [Apparently related to the building for #411s GLORIANA.]" (Source: Morgan, E.D. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_77530. Correspondence, Folder 98. 1891-03-28.)
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"[Item Description:] HMCo Plan HH.5.12115 (146-003). Photostat deckplan and sailplan titled '#411 GLORIANA. 1891'." (Source: Herreshoff Manufacturing Co. (creator). Photostat Sailplan. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Acc. 2004.0001.0197. WRDT08, Folder 15, formerly MRDE02. 1891-04-03.)
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"[Item Transcription:] I hope to be in Bristol next week when we can settle all questions to date.
I am sorry Mrs Morgan will not be with me but we cannot arrive at a satisfactory plan for leaving the children. I do not see as there is any use for me to keep dark any larger so if you will send in the enclosed blank to E.Y.C. that[?] will be an easy way on letting light on the subject. [E. D. Morgan had previously objected to providing the public with any information about #411s GLORIANA.]
I would not give tonnage & her port in Newport. The more I think about this boat the better I am satisfied. My only mental query is has she enough sail for high[?] winds but probably when I have seen you I shall not even have that in mind. We have not yet decided on a name --- for Steamer [#164p JAVELIN], Au revoir ... " (Source: Morgan, E.D. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_77580. Correspondence, Folder 98. 1891-04-10.)
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"[Item Transcription:] Santa Barbara, Apr. 20th, 1891, 11 30 A.M.
Dear Nat,
I want you to thank most heartily for me, the sender of the Boston Globe and Herald, of recent date that had such accurate accounts of the new cutter [#411s GLORIANA], I was greatly amused by it all, well at last she is known all around and already they seem to think she is 'A dangerous boat'. I rather think they will find her so when they hook on.
I was glad to see that the reporters gave you the credit of the whole thing and seemed in a measure to recognize some skill in designing.
I think if this boat turns out as I believe she will that you will have others to build, the spirit of rivalry is stronger than ever m[sic] amongst the yachtsmen and I fancy it wont end here.
I want Morgan to build a 90 footer as soon as it is proved what the GLORYANNA[sic, i.e. GLORIANA] is, that is if she is all right, a 90 footer to go to England and clean them all out there and recover the cups that were taken away from this side in 3 85 by the Genesta beside there is much other good work that can be done there.
Bert [Chesebrough] told me, that GLORYANNA was the name of the new 46. I was dreadfully disappointed, it might be that he was not in earnest, I think it is regular nigger but if so I fancy Morgan had some association connected with it. ALERION, is a fine sounding name and is classical in origin and meaning, I hope i[sic] it will be seen on the stern of his steamer. I tell you that I am getting pretty well stired[sic] up about this blessed cutter and lay awake a deal over her and her future performances, I lost so much time by illness and am now so busy and contented that I shall stay until the first week, of May and then stop 2 days to visit George and 3 days in N.Y. I shall send these last papers about the cutter to George.
I hope you have invited Mr. Young to come up to be there when the cutter is to be started, I think he could be put up at our house or Carrie's if you could grub him.
All matters are getting on well at the ranch, the piping is slow and there is a lot of it, more than 2 miles. I guessed .75 for the last rain and it was 1.32 so you see I have not improved much.
Give my love to Caddie and all the dear little kids particularly to my little Lewis. I shall be glad enough to be with you all again.
My love also to Flossie and Mrs. DeWolf and with same to you I am always your affectionate brother, ..." (Source: Herreshoff, Lewis. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Herreshoff Marine Museum Collection Item LIB_6730. HMM Library Rare Books Room (Box 5), Folder 177A. 1891-04-20.)
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"[Item Description:] [Telegram:] Please send model [apparently for #411s GLORIANA] to Wheatly, do not want a man for steamer [apparently #164p JAVELIN]." (Source: Morgan, E.D. Telegram to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_77600. Correspondence, Folder 98. 1891-04-23.)
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"[Item Transcription:] I enclose here & with selection for covering of cushions [probably for #411s GLORIANA (or for #164p JAVELIN], w[hic]h I managed between trains yesterday.
Tomorrow I will look into the stove[?] questions. Friday morning at Lawley's was very interesting, the BARBARA I still like best, I do not like the new of the Paine boat. The lines seem to converge so just in front of where the rudder post enters the counter --- having somewhat the appearance [sketch]. This is very indefinite but you may gather what I am driving at.
The boat I liked best in the yard was last year's '30' HAWK and later on Pomper[?] who came thru told me he lifted[?] his centerboard out & took me around to[?] SHOUNA[? SHONA] ran[?] the HAWK up he said she resembled in design. The MINEOLA's boom looked so large to me that I asked Burgess if it was sixty feet & he assured me it was only 56. It certainly does look extremely protracted. I hope she cannot carry it, a vice[?] general[?] wish ---
The sight of blue water & launching he has made me somewhat uneasy on an inland farm.
Hastly yours ...
P.S. MINEOLA has a hollow line for ab[ou]t 4 ft forward rigging to stem. [Incl. envelope.]" (Source: Morgan, E.D. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_77610. Correspondence, Folder 98. 1891-05-10.)
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"[Item Transcription:] I am much pleased to hear from & that the GLORIANA [#411s] is progressing so satisfactorily. I certainly do approve of reducing the height of cockpit rails to 5in & think it will be of advantage in many ways in addition to what it does for the tiller. I am sorry to hear about the flaw in the casting for JAVELIN's [#164p] boiler but trust you to arrange it so that it will not be 'heard from'.
I cannot tell you how anxious I am ab[ou]t the first sail in the GLORIANA & I shall await your letter with anticipation[?].
Very truly yours ...
P.S. I have sent to my[?] office for Checks. [Incl. envelope.]" (Source: Morgan, E.D. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_77640. Correspondence, Folder 98. 1891-05-13.)
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"[Item Transcription:] About the main-sheet fastening [for #411s GLORIANA].
I think the cleats would be good if they were large enough but if you have not got the pattern for the right size I think the timber[?] heads[?] or bitts[?] would be best.
I would like to have some of that same white[?] paint of mine on the DAISY's [#133p ex-HENRIETTA] bottom. If [E.D. Morgan's engineer] Mr. Taylor has not got any I think Mr Carver[?] could get some from Port Jefferson.
Yes it was all right to varnish KATY-DID [#165p] & the tender should be bright all over.
I see by the papers that the 'SAYONARA' carried her sail better than the MINEOLA. I shall do all I can to go to Bristol when the boat is all ready to leave but if I cannot get there I hope you will see that all the light sails fit well before she gets out of Wilson[?] naer[?]. I drove[?] about 24 miles today just to see the MINEOLA at anchor[?]. I understand the NYYC intend giving a big sweepstakes for the 46's. Let me know when you think the 'GLORIANA' will be ready. [Incl. envelope.]" (Source: Morgan, E.D. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_77660. Correspondence, Folder 98. 1891-05-28.)
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"[Item Transcription:] I received your letter today & the wire about mainsails [for #411s GLORIANA] yesterday, as I telegraphed I believe in the mereaso[?] in sail but I cannot but fear the results of the use of lighter duck.
I am afraid that our length of spars would pull it out of shape in the first good breeze, you see the 'UVIRA's' rig being so much smaller & power being so much less that her sails have much less direct pressure & much less wringing from spars, then to I think it w[ou]ld be still most difficult to make our spars stand. I have no doubt that the shape of our spars on the boats first sail had much to do with her present bad after sails so that it seems to me most important they should be made to stand before the new sail is tried[?].
By the way I know fr[om] experience that duck that would stand on 'MAYFLOWER' was decidedly too light for CONSTELLATION. I think you are decidedly right about the jib sheet sfonallen[?]. I thought that would be necessary on the first sail, it may be am to that you did not hold as good a wired[?] as 'UVIRA' as I cannot but think she will when things are wontually[?] trimmed in the light[?]places, it is rather difficult for me not having been there, to put the correct interpretation on your sail with 'UVIRA'. What is your feeling? With my ideas of the boat u.[?] e.[?] that her value increases with the breeze I sh[ou]ld think she did well in the light air as any feeling has been that Fife's boats did better to beat ours in light air with less sails than in stronger breezes when our boats deteriorated by getting off their bottoms & lines --- & carrying neither their sail or lead with ease. I am of course most anxious to have another sail with you & some more[?] discussions ab[ou]t the boat. By the way I wish you would wire me on receipt of this when she can be measured so I can write Mr Hyslop [the measurer]. Would it not be well to increase mainsail more than enough to fill these spars or would it spoil her balance." (Source: Morgan, E.D. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_77690. Correspondence, Folder 98. 1891-06-02.)
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"[Item Transcription:] It has occurred to me that when you spoke about your Brother Francis going on the first race [with #411s GLORIANA] with us we branched[?] off & calculated what crew we would carry &c &c, of course.
It will give me much pleasure to have him join us & I hope you will write him to that effect.
I would very much liked to have gone to Bristol on Sunday but I found enough to keep me busy all day at the house & I took the boat Sunday evening for New York.
As far as I can see now I should think it would be best to meet me on the Yacht[?] Atlantic Club, Bay Ridge, Tuesday morning 16th & stay as long as you can.
I will wire you definite[?] later in the week, it seems like an awfully short time but receiving & racing the boat but we will do the best we can, the enclosed[?] does not speak very highly of 'JESSICA'." (Source: Morgan, E.D. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_77730. Correspondence, Folder 98. 1891-06-11.)
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"[Item Transcription:] [Handwritten (in ink) letter on 'Gilsey House, New York' stationery:]
Dear Nat
I have had a long talk with Mr. Holden [about #171p Lotus Seeker II] and Mr. Brooks [about #189104es Unbuilt Schooner for J. E. Brooks]. The steamer plan suits the former - in fact he says it is exactly what he had in his mind, except that he wants 'the other fellow' to take the oil burning apparatus and he will use coal. I am quite sure we will get an order from him before long. He has a telegram from his sailing master that the old stack[?] does not fit our new boiler. So please have a new [p. 2] steel stack made, unless there was one sent with the boiler.
He wishes to get it as soon as possible and forward it as follows 'E.R. Holden. Clayton, N.Y. by American Ex. Dead Head Pass 20174'.
Now for Mr. Brooks. He is a very clever fellow - wants a steel schooner, 89ft 9in water line, as long as you think best overall, width also left to you which I told him I thought you would have between 23 & 25 feet. The[?] keel settled upon instead of centerboard. [p. 3]
The draft of water not to be over 16 feet. What he wants to use his own words is a light but very fast cruising schooner, suitable for offshore work after he has had one season like that Mr. Morgan had in the GLORIANA [#411s] I should think a midship section with as little displacement as possible with extreme depth for low ballast and reasonable beam and ample free board. He says the sail plan like the GLORIANA was according[?] to his views lower sails wide and not too high, but very large light sails. He wishes us to [p. 4] make a model with all the necessary calculations, also a sail plan and a rough[?] cabin plan with the the[?] ideas carried out. He substantially agreed upon the price being for[?] outside limits $70,000. He would like to have a yacht built and ready for use by May next [1892] and will come to Bristol in two weeks or as soon as we have the model etc as described ready for his inspection there, and in case model etc. should not suit him and no order is given, he will pay us for our tie and professional services and we to retain our model & work. We talked cabin plans [p. 5] a little which I can explain on my returning. He would want you to see him through the principal regattas such as June and August next year. He seemed to have the SEA FOX [steel centerboard schooner designed by A. Cass Canfield and built by Harlan & Hollingsworth Co. in 1888. LOA 115ft. LWL 89.5ft. Beam 23.10ft] and MERLIN [centerboard schooner designed by Edward Burgess and built by Lawley in 1889 for Ralph F. Forbes. LOA 106ft. LWL 89-6ft. Beam 23-6ft] on his mind, and hoping we could beat them both.
Since writing the above Mr. Books has made us another call, and also Mr. Joy[?]. Mr. Brooks means business. He wants you to let him know if anything more is needed before going ahead with the model. If so let me know by return mail or telegram at the Astor House on Monday & I will arrange to talking with him again before returning home.
15 feet draught would suit him better than many[?], but I thought you would require nearly 16.
At any rate let me know if you can if the general information I have given him is what you will adopt. As I suppose he will [p. 6] try & see me on Monday. We are both [JBH & KWH] well. I talked with [sister-in-law] Emilie by telephone [Giles House is known to have been the first hotel in New York to offer telephone to its guests], found that [brother] Francis was in Canada. Ask [HMCo secretary Charles Wesley] Young to write me tomorrow and Sunday as we will may[?] stay until Thursday noon.
As always your brother John
[?] K [dictated to and written by his daughter Katherine Kilton Herreshoff]" (Source: Herreshoff, J.B. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MRDW02_02870. Folder [no #]. 1891-10-09.)
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"[Item Description:] Penciled list titled '46 Footer' showing tabulated data for block for 'jib topsail halyard', 'spinnaker', etc. The '46 Footer' is probably #414s WASP (who was usually referred to as such during her design) or possibly #411s GLORIANA." (Source: Herreshoff, N.G. (creator). Penciled List. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MRDW02_06540. Folder [no #]. No date (1891-12 ?).)
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"[Item Description:] Typewritten and penciled table with data for 'Date of Order', '[Hull] No.', 'Name', 'Length on W.L.', 'Beam', 'Draft', 'Rig', 'Keel or Centerboard Keel', 'Ballast' for #400s CONSUELO, #401s ROMP, #402s CLARA, #403s CALYPSO, #404s COQUINA, #405s ALICE, #406s IRIS, #407s BIRD, #408s PELLICAN[sic], #409s GANNET, #410s MAB, #411s GLORIANA, #412s DILEMMA, #413s SAYONARA, #414s WASP, #415s WENONAH, #416s ALPHA, #417s DRUSILLA, #418s EL CHICO, #419s COQUINA 2ND, #420s REAPER and #421s BEE. Undated (data until 1891 is typewritten, thereafter penciled, suggesting that the table was prepared in January 1892 before EL CHICO, the first boat with a penciled year, was contracted for)." (Source: Herreshoff Manufacturing Co. (creator). Construction Record Table. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MRDW02_04530. Folder [no #]. No date (1892-01 ?).)
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"[Item Transcription:] I have heard again, underedly[?], ab[ou]t the model of the GLORIANA [#411s] for Seawanhaka Club. As you were kind enough to say you w[ou]ld make one, I would very much like to have them get it as soon as it is perfectly convenient to you.
We have had some snow here and it[?] has made the usual mess." (Source: Morgan, E.D. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_77810. Correspondence, Folder 98. 1892-01-08.)
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"[Item Description:] Untitled, penciled table providing data for L (WLW), D (Displacement in Tons net), T (measurement tens[? or tons?], S (Sail area), L * sq-rt(S) / 15* cube-rt(D), L * sq-rt(S) / 18* cube-rt(D), and (sq-rt(S) + L) / 2 on the X-axis for the following boats: DILEMMA [#412s], 2 1/2 rater [apparently #415s WENONAH], 35ft E.D. Morgan [#417s DRUSILLA], GANNET [#409s], PELICAN [#408s], ALICE [#405s], CLARA [#402s], CONSUELO [#400s], COQUINA [#404s], BIRD [#407s], 21' [#???s], GLORIANA [#411s], 46 Rodgers [#414s WASP], GRACIE, KATRINA, SHAMROCK, and HURON. Two penciled tables on verso: One showing max speed in miles and kots and wind required for lengths ranging from 35 to 80ft, the other appearing to show required wind speeds for max hull speeds for boats ranging from 30 to 80ft. On envelope labeled 'Immediate. United States Weather Report.' Undated, but postmarked 'Jan 19, 1892.'" (Source: Herreshoff, N.G. (creator). Table. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_72740. Measuring and Measurement Rules (Box 2), Folder B2F04, formerly MRDE15. No date (1892-01-19 or later).)
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"[Item Description:] Note with penciled list of photos on verso and recto of Amerian and British yachts including #411s GLORIANA (Rounding SW spit on Goelet Cup day), #416s ALPHA, #423s VANESSA, #417s DRUSILLA, #414s WASP, HARPOON, ELFIN, LUZETTE, YSEULT, DORA, VALKYRIE II, AILSA, BRITANNIA, #450s ISOLDE, #453s VAQUERO, VALKYRIE III, together with image and frame sizes. Undated (August 1892 and later)." (Source: Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MRRT_080. Note. Unidentif. / Non-Cataloged, Folder MRRT. No date (1892-08 and later).)
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"[Item Description:] am inclined we can still make the new class [#189702es Unbuilt 46ft Class of 1898] a go if you can hold out a week or so longer, I am very far from giving up the scheme, if we can get four to start with we can force things through, [E.D.] Morgan's backing out is a great black eye, I may have to bring some men up to see the models and plans later in the month, Hopkins who had #411s GLORIANA will go to Bristol tomorrow, Van Wickle may not go in" (Source: Duryea, Herrman B. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_19450. Correspondence, Folder 52, formerly 48, 49. No date (1897-09-30 as per stamp on envelope near by).)
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"[Item Description:] Sails for nephew's 21 ft. Knockabout; chartering #411s GLORIANA" (Source: Iselin, C. Oliver. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_14520. Correspondence, Folder 40, formerly 201. 1898-07-20.)
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"[Item Description:] costs of comissioning and painting #411s GLORIANA too high, black, second coat with varnish, are decks in good order and running rigging?, will wire should I succeed finding skipper" (Source: Iselin, C. Oliver. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_14540. Correspondence, Folder 40, formerly 201. 1898-07-25.)
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"[Item Transcription:] Handwritten (in ink and pencil) trials booklet 'Herreshoff Mfg. Co. Experiments & Trial Trips. 1890. N.G. Herreshoff'. Relevant contents:
§16: #411s GLORIANA Trial Run (1891-07-27)
§23: #411s GLORIANA Trial Run (scribbled on back of envelope)." (Source: Herreshoff, N.G. (creator). Trials Booklet. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MRDE07_02260. Folder [no #]. 1890-01 to 1898-08.)
① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧ ⑨ ⑩ ⑪ ⑫ ⑬ ⑭ ⑮ ⑯ ⑰ ⑱ ⑲ ⑳ ㉑ ㉒ ㉓ ㉔ ㉕ ㉖ ㉗ ㉘ ㉙ ㉚ ㉛ ㉜ ㉝ ㉞ ㉟ ㊱ ㊲ ㊳ ㊴ ㊵ ㊶ ㊷ ㊸ ㊹ ㊺ ㊻ ㊼ ㊽ ㊾ ㊿
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"N/A"

"[Item Description:] One page with penciled calculations and formulas on recto, apparently related to a rating or measurement formula (L * sq-rt(S)) / (4 * cube-rt(wl ox)) which is calculated for #452s DEFENDER, #499s COLUMBIA, #529s MINEOLA, #510s PETREL, #411s GLORIANA, #414s WASP, #539s ALTAIR, #545s PLEASURE, #538s COUNTESS, #530s ELECTRA and Newport 30 Class. Another formula L * sq-rt(S)) / (7 1/2 * sq-rt([W.L.]ox) which is calculated for PETREL, GLORIANA, ALTAIR, ELECTRA and Newport 30 Class [Undated. 1900 or later given the building numbers]." (Source: Herreshoff, N.G. (creator). Calculations. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_72140. Measuring and Measurement Rules (Box 1), Folder B1F08, formerly MRDE15. No date (1900 or later).)
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"[Item Description:] Page (on the back of Brooklyn Warehouse and Dry Dock Company' invitation to a stockholders meeting on June 10, 1902) with densely penciled table and calculations marked by NGH in right margin 'sent in letter to Mr Cormack, June 16, 1902'. The table shows rating numbers and intermediate numbers for exisiting and proposed rating rules for HMCo-built boats (#499s COLUMBIA, #452s DEFENDER, #529s MINEOLA Class, #510s PETREL (yawl), #411s GLORIANA, #414s WASP, #539s ALTAIR, #545s PLEASURE, #538s COUNTESS, #530s ELECTRA, Newport 30 Class, Buzzards Bay 30 Class, #578s AZOR)." (Source: Herreshoff, N.G. Correspondence (table) to Cormack, George A. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_72260. Measuring and Measurement Rules (Box 1), Folder B1F08, formerly MRDE15. 1902-06-16.)
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"[Item Transcription:] Since writing you last I have received a letter from Mr. A. Cary Smith, a copy of which, I enclose to you herewith.
I have also had a talk with Mr. Gardner and he has acquiesced in the recommendation of M.Q.B.L. for L with LWL eliminated from the rule.
I have prepared a measurement rule in harmony as far as possible with your own views and the views of Mr. Smith and Mr. Gardner and enclose to you herewith a copy of the same.
The classification suggested, reduces the number of the present classes and seems to me to fit the measurements as far as practicable of the present racing boats.
I have appended a few examples giving the approximate ratings of the racing boats which though not strictly accurate are near enough for our purposes.
I would esteem it a very great favor if you would furnish me the exact measurements under the rule, of the MINEOLA [#529s], HUMMA [#553s] OR ALTAIR [#539s], EFFORT [#552s], LEDA [#541s] or COUNTESS [#538s].
The measurement of sail as you know by the present system reduces the ratings of all the boats to lower figures than if the sail were measured by the English method, and as I desire to make up a correct table under the rule suggested I would like to have the accurate measurement of these boats under the suggested rule as figured by you.
I would also like to know if the suggested rule comes near enough to your ideas to be recommended by you for adoption.
I regret the necessity of troubling you further in this matter but I am very anxious that whatever is recommended by our Committee shall go before the Club with your approval. [Incl NGH draft reply:] I have yours of 16th inst and am glad to know that you as well as Mr Smith and Mr Gardner have looked into the 'MQBL' again and approve of it as I recommended it.
As to the matter of measuring sails, I cannot agree with Mr Smith, that it cannot be improved upon. I certainly think it can be and be improved, but the bad results of the present method are not so important as other things under consideration are. Yawls are very unfairly measured under the present method. In the English method they are correctly measured and in the English method there is no occasion to monkey with throat or peak halyard blocks to give all possible sail spread for the measurement. They (the Englishman) can put in as long or short mast head as they please and have all the drift they want on the throat halyards, or as much doubling to the masts as is necessary to hold them, without affecting the measurement of the sails. There is one thing, however, I think your committee should do if they do not think it wise to change the present method of measuring sails, and that is to add the excess of area of club topsails over the maximum size of the working topsail and not rule club topsails out when racing.
In using 5. as a constant in the formula (L*sq-rt(S)) / (5*cube-rt(D)), the resulting racing length is larger than we are accustomed to, and I would suggest using instead 5.5 for the present measurement, or 5.5 (possibly 6) for the Y.R.A. measurement or the NYYC with clubtopsail added as an illustration I present the following calculations for some of our one-stickers: [Table with data for DEFENDER [#452s], COLUMBIA [#499s], MINEOLA [#529s], (NEOLA), ALTAIR [#539s], WASP [#414s], GLORIANA [#411s], EFFORT [#552s], COUNTESS [#538s], Newport 30s, Buzzards Bay 30s follows.]
In closing I hope your committee will not overlook the importance of changing the time allowance tables to the full theoretical amount as I have already suggested. You[?] it is very important that the present idea that the largest boat in the class is the best one should be exploded." (Source: Lawton, N.D. (incl NGH reply). Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_71670. Measuring and Measurement Rules (Box 1), Folder B1F07, formerly MRDE15. 1902-09-16.)
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"[Item Transcription:] [Four-page typed letter on HMCo stationery:] I have yours of the 16th, and am glad to know that you as well as Mr. Smith and Mr. Gardiner[sic, i.e. Gardner], have looked into the M. Q. B. L. again and approve of it as I recommend it.
As to the method of measuring sails I cannot agree with Mr. Smith that it cannot be improved upon. I certainly think it can be and should be improved, but the bad results of the present method are not so important as other things under consideration are. Yawls are very unfairly measured under the present method. In the English method they are correctly measured, and in the English method there is no occasion to monkey with the throat and peak halyard blocks to get all possible sail spread for the measurement. They (the Englishman) can put in as long or short mast head as they please and have all the drift they want on the throat halyards, or as much doubling to the masts as is necessary to hold them, without affecting the measurement of the sails. There is one thing, however, I think your committee should do if they do not think it wise to change the present method of measuring sails, and that is to add the excess of area of club topsails over the maximum size of the working topsails and not rule club topsails out when racing.
In using 5. as a constant in the formula (L*sq-rt(S)) / (5*cube-rt(D)) the resulting racing length is larger than we are accustomed to and I would suggest using instead 5.5 for the present measurement or 5.75 (possibly 6) for Y.R.A. measurement or the N.Y.Y.C. with club topsail added. As an illustration I present the following calculations from some of our one-stickers.
[Table with data for DEFENDER [#452s], COLUMBIA [#499s], MINEOLA [#529s], (NEOLA), ALTAIR [#539s], WASP [#414s], GLORIANA [#411s], EFFORT [#552s], COUNTESS [#538s], Newport 30s, Buzzards Bay 30s follows.]
It would be a mistake to limit sail area to 5% excess of racing length instead of by M.Q.B.L. The object of limiting it at all is to prevent rigging small hulls with big sails which would be suitable for light weather racing only and worthless for cruising.
As an example suppose we take the formula (M.Q.B.L.)*sq-rt(S) / (5.5 * cube-rt(D)) and substitute for sq-rt(S) its equivalent 1.05 R[acing]L[ength] as per your recommendation, then RL / (1.05*RL) = MQBL/(5.5*cube-rt(D))
Now suppose RL is fixed, then M.Q.B.L. can be made as large or small as you please as long as D is changed so that cube-rt(D)is always a certain ratio of M.Q.B.L. Or in other words, having racing length and sail area fixed you are at liberty to choose any size hull you think best suited to the weather conditions.
The possible limit of speed of any vessel having no great propelling force than can be obtained from the wind by the sail she can carry, is governed by the speed of the wave she can generate and this is never longer than her body. The speed of a wave is depended on its length in the well known law S=sq-rt(L). Now the length of vessel for generating the wave is measured very fairly by M.Q.R.L., and this factor is the ruling one in the formula, which perhaps would be better understood if written RL=(MQBL)* (sq-rt(S)/(5.5*cube-rt(D)). In this way you may consider that sq-rt(S) / (5.5*cube-rt(D)) is only a correction of M.Q.B.L. for the amount of sail carried in relation to the displacement. It is very obvious that sq-rt(S) should be limited to the (M.Q.B.L.) and also that the classification should be by M.Q.B.L. and not by RL. as has been the popular way for the last few years.
I am still of the conviction that it would be wiser; better for the present generation and the coming one to make the class limits in ratio 5 to 4 (nearly) as I proposed in scale 100-80-64-50-40, both for schooners and sloops and based on W.Q.B.L.
In closing I hope your committee will not overlook the importance of changing the time allowance tables to the full theoretical amount, as I have already suggested. It is very important that the present idea that the largest boat in the class is the best one should be exploded." (Source: Herreshoff, N.G. Letter to Lawton, N.D. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_71530. Measuring and Measurement Rules (Box 1), Folder B1F07, formerly MRDE15. 1902-09-19.)
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"[Item Description:] Penciled table, untitled, listing schooner classes (from A to EE) and sloops & yawls classes (from F to Q [and R and S]) and their ratings. With separate note showing rating factors 'with excess of rig' for CORONA [#435s ex-COLONIA], GLORIANA [#411s], WASP [#414s], IROLITA [#591s], HUMMA [#553s], COLUMBIA [#499s], CONSTITUTION [#551s], RELIANCE [#605s] and SPASM [#538s]. On verso unidentified sketches. Undated (the latest boat on this list was built in 1903)." (Source: Herreshoff, N.G. (creator). Penciled Table. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MRDE03_01380. Folder [no #]. No date (1903 or later).)
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"[Item Description:] Penciled pantograph hull sections titled 'GLORIANA [#411s]. Measured July 10, 1906 for the Measurement of the Eastern Y.C. at a w.l. of 46ft 0in. Scale 1/2in. L for 46ft w.l. = 43ft 3 1/2in. D for 46ft w.l. = 1316cuft'. With calculatons arriving at a displacement of 1316cuft = 8425lbs [sic, i.e. 84224lbs]." (Source: Herreshoff, N.G. (creator). Pantograph Hull Sections. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MRDE04_02690. Folder [no #]. 1906-07-10.)
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"[Item Transcription:] [On HMCo stationery, marked 'Copy':] Since receiving your letter of 20th I got interested and have spent considerable time in trying to devise perfect rules to give sail area limit. I have tested a number of formula and have finally settled on one that gives very good results in any type of model.
The old rule would allow as much sail for length on a shallow boat as on a deep heavy ballasted one, which is not right if you want to protect a good cruising boat.
This becomes very apparent in working to the new rule for L is reduced and D increased[?] as compared with the older type, and plainly needs more sail for length of L.
I have taken into the formula the elements principally affecting the sail carrying power, but nothing more than is now recorded in taking measurements to obtain the Racing length, i.e.
L = ft length at 1/4 wl breadth and 1/10 of breadth above
B = ft breadth of waterline in widest place
d = ft draft of water
D = cu ft of displacement.
then
Sail area limit in rigs with topsails = 10.8 * L * 1/4 * cube-rt(B * B * d * D) in sq ft
Sail area limit in rigs without topsails = 10 * L * 1/4 * cube-rt(B * B * d * D) in sq ft
This formula is very easily worked with the aid of a slide rule or table of logarithms and gives very good results in any siye of type of model.
Here are a few of our yachts that are well known in the NYYC:
[Actual vs Limit rule]
NYYC 30s [#626s New York 30s] 1035, 1160
Newport 30s [#463s Class] 1017.5, 960
SPASM [#538s ex-COUNTESS] 1633, 1740
PLEASURE [#545s] 1808, 1830
GLORIANA [#411s] [blank], 3500
SHARK [#531s] and ALTAIR [#539s] 3410, 3480
YANKEE [#534s] 6945, 7030
QUEEN [#657s] 11000, 12000
As a penalty I would add to Racing length, twice the excess of sq rt of sail area over the sq root of sail limit by rule." (Source: Herreshoff, N.G. Letter (copy) to Cromwell, Oliver E. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_68390. Measuring and Measurement Rules (Box 1), Folder B1F02, formerly MRDE15. 1907-03-24.)
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"[Item Description:] Handwritten (in ink and) table / design rule titled 'Formula for Obtaining the Limit of Sail-Area in Yachts when Measured by the Universal Rule' and signed 'Nath'l G. Herreshoff. Bristol R.I. July 16, 1907'. With formula 'Sailarea not more than C * B * (L * d * D)^.025 in which C = constant depending on rig, as follows: Sloops & Yawls not carrying topsails C=8.75. Full rigged Sloops C=9.8. Full rigged Schooners and Yawls C=9.3. L = length at 1/4 beam as for Universal Rule. B = breadth of waterline as for Universal Rule. d = draft of water as for Universal Rule. D = displacement as for Universal Rule. The following are examples of application of the above formula to some well known yachts designed by the author. Measurements for Universal Rule'. Followed by tabulated data showing Building Number, Rating, Waterline, L, B, d, D, S, Sail limit Present rule, Diff., Sail limit Proposed rule, Diff., and Notes for Buzzards Bay 15 [#503s class], KILDEE [#460s], SIS [#536s], DOROTHY Q [#668s], SENECA [#670s], N.Y.Y.C. 30 [#626s class], NEWPORT 30 [#463s class], ELECTRA [#530s], SPASM [#538s], PLEASURE [#545s], NEITH [#665s], DELIGHT [#679s], GLORIANA [#411s], ALTAIR [#539s], AVENGER [#666s], DORIS [#625s], WINSOME [#664s class], IROLITA II [#658s], YANKEE [#534s], CONSTITUTION [#551s], RELIANCE [#605s], PETREL [#510s], QUEEN [#657s], INGOMAR [#590s], WESTWARD [#692s], AND [KATOURA] [#722s]. [In an article in the March 5, 1905 Boston Globe (p40), N. G. Herreshoff argued that unless there be a stricter limit on sail area in the present Universal Rule, there would be only few cruising yachts racing. This formula is apparently an attempt to address the above issue. See elsewhere for complete spreadsheet transcription.]" (Source: Herreshoff, N.G. (creator). Penciled Table. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MRDE06_00080. Folder [no #]. 1907-07-13.)
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"[Item Description:] Handwritten (in ink) rating rule titled 'Formula for Obtaining the Limit of Sail-Area in Yachts when Measured by the Universal Rule' and signed 'Nath'l G. Herreshoff. Bristol R.I. July 16, 1907'. With formula 'Sailarea not more than C * B * (L * d * D)^.025 in which C = constant depending on rig, as follows: Sloops & Yawls not carrying topsails C=8.75. Full rigged Sloops C=9.8. Full rigged Schooners and Yawls C=9.3. L = length at 1/4 beam as for Universal Rule. B = breadth of waterline as for Universal Rule. d = draft of water as for Universal Rule. D = displacement as for Universal Rule. The following are examples of application of the above formula to some well known yachts designed by the author. Measurements for Universal Rule'. Followed by tabulated data showing Building Number, Rating, Waterline, L, B, d, D, S, Sail limit Present rule, Diff., Sail limit Proposed rule, Diff., and Notes for Buzzards Bay 15 [#503s class], KILDEE [#460s], SIS [#536s], DOROTHY Q [#668s], SENECA [#670s], N.Y.Y.C. 30 [#626s class], NEWPORT 30 [#463s class], ELECTRA [#530s], SPASM [#538s], PLEASURE [#545s], NEITH [#665s], DELIGHT [#679s], GLORIANA [#411s], ALTAIR [#539s], AVENGER [#666s], DORIS [#625s], WINSOME [#664s class], IROLITA II [#658s], YANKEE [#534s], CONSTITUTION [#551s], RELIANCE [#605s], PETREL [#510s], QUEEN [#657s], INGOMAR [#590s], WESTWARD [#692s], AND [KATOURA] [#722s]. [In an article in the March 5, 1905 Boston Globe (p40), N. G. Herreshoff argued that unless there be a stricter limit on sail area in the present Universal Rule, there would be only few cruising yachts racing. This formula is apparently an attempt to address the above issue. See elsewhere for complete spreadsheet transcription.]" (Source: Herreshoff, N.G. (creator). Handwritten Rating Rule. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MRDE06_00260. Folder [no #]. 1907-07-16.)
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"[Item Description:] Blueprint table titled 'Formula for Obtaining the Limit of Sail-Area in Yachts when Measured by the Universal Rule' and signed 'Nath'l G. Herreshoff. Bristol R.I. July 16, 1907'. With formula 'Sailarea not more than C * B * (L * d * D)^.025 in which C = constant depending on rig, as follows: Sloops & Yawls not carrying topsails C=8.75. Full rigged Sloops C=9.8. Full rigged Schooners and Yawls C=9.3. L = length at 1/4 beam as for Universal Rule. B = breadth of waterline as for Universal Rule. d = draft of water as for Universal Rule. D = displacement as for Universal Rule. The following are examples of application of the above formula to some well known yachts designed by the author. Measurements for Universal Rule'. Followed by tabulated data showing Building Number, Rating, Waterline, L, B, d, D, S, Sail limit Present rule, Diff., Sail limit Proposed rule, Diff., and Notes for Buzzards Bay 15 [#503s class], KILDEE [#460s], SIS [#536s], DOROTHY Q [#668s], SENECA [#670s], N.Y.Y.C. 30 [#626s class], NEWPORT 30 [#463s class], ELECTRA [#530s], SPASM [#538s], PLEASURE [#545s], NEITH [#665s], DELIGHT [#679s], GLORIANA [#411s], ALTAIR [#539s], AVENGER [#666s], DORIS [#625s], WINSOME [#664s class], IROLITA II [#658s], YANKEE [#534s], CONSTITUTION [#551s], RELIANCE [#605s], PETREL [#510s], QUEEN [#657s], INGOMAR [#590s], WESTWARD [#692s], AND [KATOURA] [#722s]. [In an article in the March 5, 1905 Boston Globe (p40), N. G. Herreshoff argued that unless there be a stricter limit on sail area in the present Universal Rule, there would be only few cruising yachts racing. This formula is apparently an attempt to address the above issue. See elsewhere for complete spreadsheet transcription.]" (Source: Herreshoff, N.G. (creator). Blueprint Table. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Acc. 2004.0001.0169. WRDT08, Folder 16, formerly MRDE06. 1907-07-16.)
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"N/A"

"[Item Description:] Penciled pantograph hull sections with pinpricks and radials titled 'GLORIANA #411. Taken off in May 1908 & reduced to 3/8in scale for model for Eastern Y.C.'" (Source: Herreshoff, N.G. (creator). Pantograph Hull Sections. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MRDE04_01470. Folder [no #]. 1908-05.)
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"[Item Transcription:] [Typewritten signed letter on 'Old Colony Trust Company, Ames Building' stationery:] As I desire to give a model of the GLORIANA [#411s] to the Eastern Yacht Club, I write to know whether you can, from the data which I suppose you still have on hand, make a model of the old boat, and, if so, what the expense would be.
It may interest you to know that to all appearances, -and I have had her very carefully examined-, the GLORIANA is to-day just as sound as she was the day she was built; I can see no signs of any weakness anywhere. She is a remarkable piece of construction.
Very truly yours, ..." (Source: Abbott, Gordon. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_00720. Correspondence, Folder 1_14, formerly (84). 1908-05-12.)
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"[Item Description:] Penciled table listing OA, LWL, QBL, %, L = LWL + 1/2(QBL-.93LWL), and Mian[?] for Buzzards Bay 15 [#503s], KILDEE [#460s], DELIGHT [#679s], NYYC 30 [#626s], SENECA [#670s], SPASAM [#538s], NEITH [#665s], GLORIANA [#411s], ALTAIR [#539s], AVENGER [#666s], DORIS [#625s], WINSOME [#664s] class, MINEOLA [#529s] class, INGOMAR [#590s] and QUEEN [#657s]. With three formulas for L, one by 'NGH proposed', the other by Louis M. Clark and the third by NGH [apparently the old one]. On verso of printed receipt card by Callender, McAuslan & Troup Co. Undated, the latest of these boats is from 1908 suggesting this to have been prepared for the Universal Rule revision of 1908." (Source: Herreshoff, N.G. (creator). Penciled Calculations. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MRDE03_01780. Folder [no #]. No date (1908).)
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"[Item Description:] Handwritten (in ink) rating rule-related table on two pages with dimensions LOA, LWL, overhang fore & aft, mean length, freeboard fore & center & aft, breadth deck & w.l., draft, cube-root (displacement), 1st mast mean length, 1st to 2nd mast, J, P1, H1, B1, G1, V1, T1, P2, P2a, H2, B2, Q2, Y2,T2, sail area, sqrt(SA), sqrt(SA - NYYC Rule) for #605s RELIANCE, #499s COLUMBIA, #725s RESOLUTE, #529s MINEOLA, #663s ISTALENA, #666s AVENGER, New York 50s (#711s, #712s, #713s, #714s, #715s, #716s, #717s, #720s, #721s), #411s GLORIANA, #685s ADVENTURESS, #617s COCK ROBIN II, #586s NELLIE, #709s JOYANT, #708s CORINTHIAN, #670s SENECA, Bar Harbor 31s (#592s, #593s, #594s, #595s, #596s, #597s, #598s, #599s, #600s, #601s, #602s, #603s, #604s), New York 30s (#626s, #627s, #628s, #629s, #630s, #631s, #632s, #633s, #635s, #636s, #637s, #638s, #639s, #640s, #642s, #643s, #647s, #648s), Newport 29s (#727s, #728s, #737s), #691s MORE JOY, #446s ALERION II, Buzzards Bay 550s (#733s, #734s, #736s, #738s, #741s), #617s COCK ROBIN II, #493s JILT, #732s SADIE, #460s KILDEE, Buzzards Bay 15s (#503s Class), Buzzards Bay 12 1/2s (#744s Class), #703s FLYING CLOUD, #669s ELEANOR, #722s KATOURA, #692s WESTWARD, #657s QUEEN, #719s VAGRANT II, #698s VAGRANT, #663s ISTALENA, and #743s HASWELL. With penciled note 'Measurements in ft & inches. Results in ft & decimals'. Undated (the youngest boat on this list is from 1914/1915 and this was probably prepared in preparation for NGH's sail area rating rule of 1914/1915)." (Source: Herreshoff, N.G. (creator). Handwritten Table. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MRDE15_00100. Folder [no #]. No date (1914 / 1915 ?).)
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"[Item Description:] reminiscences of #412s DILEMMA, #411s GLORIANA, sailing on #437s VIGILANT on the Solent, James Herreshoff, old workshop, roles were changed back then and Herreshoff helped Sharpe not Sharpe helps Herreshoff, hopes the war has left no scars, also postcard" (Source: Sharpe, Lucien, Jr. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_04150. Correspondence, Folder 15, formerly 107. 192(3)-04-03.)
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"[Item Transcription:] [Typewritten signed letter on '25 West 43rd Street, New York' stationery:] As you know I have a small collection of models that I have owned and I am anxious to increase it if I can. Could you get for me a model of the PELICAN [#408s] just in plain wood, the same as the GLORIANA [#411s] you got for me? If so, I should appreciate it very much as I have always had great affection for the PELICAN and wish I had never sold her.
I hope that Mrs. Herrossoff[sic] and you are having a good Summer and I envy you some sails which I am sure you will get. I have had and still have my usual salt water fever at this time but don't see any particular prospects of making use of it.
Please give my kindest regards to Mrs. Herrossoff and believe me to be,
Sincerely yours," (Source: Morgan, E.D. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_38820. Correspondence, Folder 77, formerly 62. 1926-06-30.)
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"[Item Transcription:] Will.
I.- Nathanael Greene Herreshoff, of Bristol, in the County of Bristol and the State of Rhode Island, born at the Point Pleasant Farm in said town of Bristol, March 18, 1848,- do make and declair[sic] this Instrument to be my last Will and testament, superceeding and taking place of my last Will dated October thirteenth (13) in nineteen hundred and twenty three (1923), and in the following manner:
First. I direct that my body be interred in my burial lot in the Juniper Hill Cemetery, in Bristol, R.I., beside that of my deceased wife Clara D'Wolf Herreshoff, without parade or ostentation, and a plain and substantial headstone and a footstone be placed to mark my grave.
[Etc. 15pp incl. appendix. Detailed instructions re Executors of Will, any boats or automobiles not desired to be kept by my wife or daughter to be sold, distribution of Love Rocks, keepsakes and gifts to children (To Agnes: John Brown set of China, Loving Cup presented by employees in 1899, Life and Works of the sisters Bronte, the old 4 inch telescope given me by my friend William Young; To Sidney: Gold Cup that was presented my by my brother-in-law John D'Wolf, my model measuring instrument, pantograph attachment to same, the K&E Amster Planimeter; To Griswold: Gold watch and chain given me by my brother John in 1881 with Elgin movement and engraved on its case a catamaran and monogram being designed by my friend George Gould Phillips, silver tankard presented my by Com. Edwin Denton Morgan as souvenir of GLORIANA's [#411s] victories in 1891; to Francis: set of books entitled Society of Naval Architects and marine Engineers, the old and very valued double-barreled shot gun that was formally[sic] the prized fowling-piece of Dr. Nathanael Green and in his old age given to my brother Charles and by him given me in trust for my son Francis, ballard rifle, Winchester repeating shotgun; to Clarence: Alvin Clark telescope, the three great volumes of Naval Architecture by John Scott Russell, watch given me by Com. Robert E. Tod in 1914 at launching of schooner yacht KATOURA [#722s] with gold case and monogram NGH and Swiss splithand chronograph movement; to Ann: collection of china willed me by my brother in law John D'Wolf and the cabinet in which it is kept, silver cup presented me by managers of cup yacht RESOLUTE [#725s]; special gift to Nathaniel[sic] Chase Herreshoff of the fourth model-yacht named SPRITE [#193103es] which is to be held until he is about eleven years of age, or after he has made a successful toy sailing boat with his own hands and become somewhat familiar with the use of tools), distribution of property.]
In testamony[sic] where of I hereby set my hand at this [blank] day of [blank] in the year 1932 [unsigned].
[Incl. envelope with note in ink 'Will of Nathanael G. Herreshoff of spring of 1932. Being the original wording before being looked over. Mr. Tanner Lawyer and elaborated to suit R. I. Hospital Trust Co. for them as Executors & Trustees. N.G.H. May 1932' and further penciled note 'This was not executed. See a true copy as elaborated.']" (Source: Herreshoff, N.G. (creator). Testament. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_55430. Subject Files, Folder 60, formerly 219. No date (1932-ca03).)
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"[Item Description:] feel strongly that it is nice to be remembered, went to Butler [Duncan]'s funeral the other day and those who had been interested in the International Races seemed to come out in a group together but apparently I had been forgotten, have passed some of the time in writing up some of my recollections, DILEMMA [#412s] and our interest in the first of the little fin keels, those were the great days, weren't they?, what a pioneer the PELICAN [#408s] was, the model you gave me, I admire it more and more every day, I even think more about it than the [#411s] GLORIANA because the PELICAN was the pioneer and the GLORIANA was the result, NGH reply: you and Ollie Iselin were most important for the International Races, my eyes are poor and Ann will read to me, I owe my life and good health to her care and oversight, some few years ago I thought my knowledge of yacht rules would be valuable and foolishly worked up rules that I thought would be of use to the present yachtsmen, but not a single one has been accepted, but reading over the British Int'l Dinghy Rules I was struck by certain faults and this prompted me to make some rules for 14ft dinghies, based on my experiences in sailing small light-displacement boats that can be kept out of the water, a recreation that I was very fond of, think of me as an admiring and loving friend" (Source: Morgan, E.D. (incl NGH reply). Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_38960. Correspondence, Folder 77, formerly 62. 1933-05-19.)
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Note: This list of archival documents contains in an unedited form any and all which mention #411s Gloriana even if just in a cursory way. Permission to digitize, transcribe and display is gratefully acknowledged.

• Herreshoff, Lewis. "The Evolution of the Yacht." The North American Review, October 1891, p. 432-441. (505 kB)
  Document is copyrighted: No. History of American Yachting in the 1880s and 1890s with special emphasis on Gloriana. Written by N. G. Herreshoff's blind brother Lewis.
• Pinheiro, Carlton J. "Gloriana. Alone in her Class." Herreshoff Marine Museum Chronicle, 1991, p. 1, 4. (185 kB)
  Document is copyrighted: Yes, used with permission. Copyright holder: Herreshoff Marine Museum. Vessel biography. Significance of Gloriana for American yachting and the Herreshoff Manufacturing Company.

• Gloriana (HMCo-made index card)
• Gloriana and #411p Marabout (MIT Museum-made index card)
• Note: The vessel index cards comprise two sets of a total of some 3200 cards about vessels built by HMCo, with dimensions and information regarding drawings, later or former vessel names, and owners. They were compiled from HMCo's early days until 1920 and added to in later decades, apparently by Hart Nautical curator William A. Baker and his successors. While HMCo seems to have used only one set of index cards, all sorted by name and, where no name was available, by number, later users at MIT apparently divided them into two sets of cards, one sorted by vessel name, the other by vessel number and greatly expanded the number of cards. Original HMCo cards are usually lined and almost always punched with a hole at bottom center while later cards usually have no hole, are unlined, and often carry substantially less information. All cards are held by the Francis Russell Hart Nautical Collections of the MIT Museum in Cambridge, Mass.

Name: Gloriana
Type: Cutter
Length: 45'3"
Owner: Morgan, E. D.

Source: Herreshoff Manufacturing Company. "A Partial List of Herreshoff Clients." In: Herreshoff Manufacturing Company. Herreshoff Yachts. Bristol, Rhode Island, ca. 1931.

• Gloriana
• Note: The L. Francis Herreshoff index cards comprise a set of some 1200 cards about vessels built by HMCo, with dimensions and / or ownership information. Apparently compiled in the early 1930s, for later HMCo-built boats like the Fishers Island 23s or the Northeast Harbor 30s are not included. Added to in later decades, apparently by L. F. Herreshoff as well as his long-time secretary Muriel Vaughn and others. Also 46 cards of L. F. Herreshoff-designed vessels. The original set of index cards is held by the Herreshoff Marine Museum and permission to display is gratefully acknowledged.

Name: Gloriana
Type: 45' 3" cutter
Owner: E. D. Morgan
Year: 1891
Row No.: 253

Source: Herreshoff, L. Francis. "Partial List of Herreshoff-Built Boats." In: Herreshoff, L. Francis. Capt. Nat Herreshoff. The Wizard of Bristol. New York, 1953, p. 325-343.

Month: Feb
Day: 27
Year: 1891
E/P/S: S
No.: 0411
Name: Gloriana
LW: 45' 3"
B: 14' 0"
D: 10' 2"
Rig: Cutter
K: y
Ballast: Lead
Amount: $14250.00
Last Name: Morgan
First Name: E. D.

Source: Vermilya, Peter and Maynard Bray. "Transcription of the HMCo. Construction Record." Unpublished database, ca. 2000.

Note: The transcription of the HMCo Construction Record by Peter Vermilya and Maynard Bray was performed independently (and earlier) than that by Claas van der Linde. A comparison of the two transcriptions can be particularly useful in those many cases where the handwriting in the Construction Record is difficult to decipher.

"See also: William P. Stephens Collection (Coll. 91), Manuscripts Collection, G. W. Blunt White Library, Mystic Seaport Museum, Box 3, Folder 15. Papers pertaining to the yacht GLORIANA, including clippings, letters, notes, and articles; 1891-1910." (Source: van der Linde, Claas. September 2, 2010.)

"Built in 68 days (contract to launch; equivalent to $210/day, 1136 lbs displacement/day)." (Source: van der Linde, Claas. January 16, 2024.)

"Sail area 4338 sqft from untitled two-page rating-rule-related table handwritten (in ink) by N. G. Herreshoff with multiple dimensions for the most important Herreshoff-designed yachts. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum. MRDE15, Folder [no #]. Undated (the most recent boat dates 1914/1915 and the table was probably prepared in preparation for NGH's sail area rating rule of 1914/1915)." (Source: van der Linde, Claas. September 16, 2020.)

"[Sail area 4816 sq.ft.]" (Source: Herreshoff, N. G. "Formula for Obtaining the Limit of Sail-Area in Yachts when Measured by the Universal Rule Formula." Bristol, R.I., July 13, 1907 with later additions. Original handwritten (in ink) document with penciled additions. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MRDE06_00080.)

"Displacement (1207 cubic feet [= 77248lbs] from untitled two-page rating-rule-related table handwritten (in ink) by N. G. Herreshoff with multiple dimensions for the most important Herreshoff-designed yachts. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum. MRDE15, Folder [no #]. Undated (the most recent boat dates 1914/1915 and the table was probably prepared in preparation for NGH's sail area rating rule of 1914/1915)." (Source: van der Linde, Claas. September 16, 2020.)

"[Displacement (1215 cubic feet [= 77760lbs]." (Source: Herreshoff, N. G. "Formula for Obtaining the Limit of Sail-Area in Yachts when Measured by the Universal Rule Formula." Bristol, R.I., July 13, 1907 with later additions. Original handwritten (in ink) document with penciled additions. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MRDE06_00080.)

"[Displacement (1316 cubic feet [= 84224lbs]." (Source: Herreshoff, N. G. Penciled pantograph hull sections titled 'GLORIANA. Measured July 10, 1906 for the Measurement of the Eastern Y.C. at a w.l. of 46ft 0in'. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection. at the Herreshoff Marine Museum, MRDE04.)

Note: Research notes contain information about a vessel that is often random and unedited but has been deemed useful for future research.