HMCo #721s Carolina II

"[1912-10-21] Mon 21: Went to NY by train to see H.S. Vanderbilt. ...
[1912-10-22] Tue 22: Meeting of 50 footers occurs at noon. Returned home in PM.
[1913-05-15] Thu 15: Eight of the 50 footers have been delivered and [have] left.
[1913-05-20] Tue 20: Launched Carolina [#721s], the last [of the] 50 ft class (9th). ...
[1913-05-24] Sat 24: 87[?] rain last night. Continued cold damp weather. Carolina [#721s], the last 50 footer, sailed in PM. ...
[1913-08-23] Sat 23: Fresh SSW [wind]. Start at 11 for cruise to eastward. Go down Bay in company of Roamer [#215p] & Dianthus [#289p]. See start of race of 50 footers, then outside. Rough sea. ...
[1916-07-17] Mon 17: Calm. Afternoon[?] to yacht club. Towed Carolina [probably NY50 #721s Carolina] & launch to Larchmont. Too calm for good racing, so left for home at 3:20. ..." (Source: Herreshoff, Nathanael G. Diary, 1912 to 1916. Manuscript (excerpts). Diary access courtesy of Halsey C. Herreshoff.)

"Sept[ember] 24 1912.
Nos. 711 - 712 - 713 714 - 715 - 716 - 717 [#711s Ventura, #712s Spartan, #713s Iroquois II, #714s Pleione, #715s Grayling, #716s Samuri, #717s Barbara (and #720s Acushla, #721s Carolina II)].
50ft w.l. Class N.Y.Y.C.
Frame spaces 18".
Sheer height given is to under side of deck. Deck 1 3/4".
In making moulds deduct
for planking 1 3/4"
for timbers at head 2 1/2" increasing 5/64" per foot for full length
[Total] 4 1/4"
Keel to lay on top of lead, and 5 3/8" with rabbate 1 1/2" above bottom." (Source: Herreshoff, N.G. [Handwritten (in ink) notes in Offset Booklet HH.4.179.] September 24, 1912. Haffenreffer-Herreshoff Collection, MIT Museum, Cambridge, MA.)

"In the fall of 1912, we had orders for the noted New York Yacht Club Fifty Foot Class ..." (Source: Herreshoff, N. G. "Some of the Boats I Have Sailed In." Written 1934. In: Pinheiro, Carlton J. (ed.). Recollections and Other Writings by Nathanael G. Herreshoff. Bristol, 1998, p. 72.)

"... the most important work of the Herreshoff Company for 1913 was the one-design class of New York Yacht Club Fifties for there were nine of this one-design class built that winter, which seems strange these days when a yacht of the same overall length recently built cost over two hundred thousand dollars. Although the Fifties were of about the best material and workmanship that ever went into yachts of their size, they were so efficiently built that it is said they only cost approximately seventeen thousand dollars apiece in 1913. The general dimensions of these Fifties were: L.O.A., seventy-two feet; L.W.L., fifty feet; beam, fourteen feet six inches; draft, nine feet nine inches. ...
The Fifties were raced very hotly the first two years but had few protests and no serious collisions. The author raced on 'Barbara' many races the first two years and can say that under their original rig they were fine, comfortable racing yachts when they had a crew of four or more professionals, but after World War I they were too expensive to run even if good crews had been available so several were changed to yawls or schooners, or leg-o'-mutton sloops. However, the Astor Cup for sloops has been won by one or another of them about nine times, ..." (Source: Herreshoff, L. Francis. The Wizard of Bristol. The Life and Achievements of Nathanael Greene Herreshoff, together with An Account of Some of the Yachts he Designed. New York, 1953, p. 283-284.)

"The New York Yacht Club Fifties came out in 1913, and perhaps this was the largest class of sizeable one-design yachts the world has ever seen. There were nine of them with the dimensions of 72' LOA; 50' LWL; 14.5' beam; 9.75' draft. ... The Fifties raced very hotly the first few years and made some very close starts, and as I remember it there were few protests and no serious collisions. I raced on the one named Barbara [#717s] many times; she was handled by Bob Emmons who had owned Avenger and was to be the manager of the next cup defender Resolute. One or another of the Fifties won the Astor Cup nine times under a sloop rig, and, as Pleione [#714s] had won four Astor Cups under a schooner rig, this makes by far the greatest number of times these cups were won by vessels of the same model. In my opinion the Fifties were about the last high-grade, reasonably-priced yachts built. They were 72' OA, and of late years there have been several yachts built with this same length on deck that cost fifteen times as much while the cost of clothes, food and real estate has only increased some three times. Some of the reasons for this great difference in cost of yachts now and in the year the Fifties were built (and that year happened to be the year the income tax started) are as follows:
1. The Fifties were designed and built completely --- sails, spars, rigging, hull, and so forth, by one concern. The only things I can think of now that the builders did not make were the stoves, water-closets, and the larger rigging blocks.
2. Good plant management is the principal way of decreasing the cost of building yachts and, while this can only be learned by experience and the use of common sense, it is a fact that in those days there were two or three yacht yards that were well managed. One of the simple things of good management was to have all of the materials on hand before they were needed, and in those days the yacht yards carried an inventory of materials at least ten times as large as at present. This often allowed them to buy at considerable reduction in price.
3. The spirit, or enthusiasm and pride, of the workmen were important factors in building yachts quickly and well, and I do not know how this was arranged but, I do know that the workers were almost all paid different wages according to their accomplishments.
At present, almost all yachts are designed by one concern and assembled by another. This makes for never-ending complication and, as the designing concern is paid its commission based on the cost of the yacht, they seem to do little nowadays to simplify the construction. I have used the word 'assemble' to describe what was once called 'building a yacht' for today we even hear of yachts' keels being cast hundreds of miles away instead of the mold being set up on the stocks where the yacht is to be built, while the other parts of the yacht may be made by ten or more distant concerns. In the meantime, the art of yacht building, which has taken thousands of years to develop, is lost, and materials such as laminated wood and plastics are substituted in an effort to get around this lack of know-how, but the weight and cost of these materials is so much more than natural wood that the result is not very satisfactory.
As for the workers, they are paid alike and seem to try to make the job last as long as possible. Some of them who wouldn't know an adz if they stumbled over it, try pretty hard to master the new techniques and only time will tell if they will be successful. The modern worker hates all hand tools simply because he does not know how to sharpen or lubricate them, but I have known men who could swing a broad ax all day and every time the ax struck it would lop off a shaving you could cook a breakfast with. These men hewed so close to the line that to finish the job, be it straight, curved or rounded, it only took a few strokes with a well-sharpened plane whose sole was rubbed with paraffin. And that is how yachts were built in those times which is quite different from the present when workmen only want to work with materials they can finish with a power sander.
I have used all these words to try to explain why the New York Yacht Club Fifties cost only $17,000.00 while three or four modern yachts of the same length cost $250,000.00.
For crew the Fifties had a captain, two sailors and a steward but, even by their second year (and second year of the income tax) several of the owners complained about the cost of running them, and that was one of the reasons the New York Yacht Club Forties came into existence a few years later." (Source: Herreshoff, L. Francis. An Introduction to Yachting. New York, 1963, p. 175.)

"[Abstract of register or enrollment. Pos. 146:]
Carolina, sloop yacht, of Bristol.
Built at Bristol, 1913.
25 tons; 57 ft. x 14.5 ft. x 9.2 ft. [Register length x breadth x depth.]
One deck, one mast, overhanging head [bow].
Enr[olled] and Lic[ensed] (consolidated) ([as] yacht) Apr. 25, 1913. Owner: Herreshoff Manufacturing Company of Bristol. Master: John B. Herreshoff, Bristol.
Surrendered [license] Apr. 28, 1914, at Wilmington, N.C. ([Record at:] C[ustom] H[ouse, Providence])." (Source: Survey of Federal Archives, Work Projects Administration. Ships Documents of Rhode Island. Bristol. Ship Registers and Enrollments of the Port of Bristol - Warren Rhode Island, 1941, s.v. Carolina.)

"... The Carolina II was sold last Winter by Pembroke Jones to George E. Nichols, who has named the yacht Carolina. Mr. Nichols last year sailed on the Resolute, and when that yacht was not racing, often handled one of the 50's, and he was very successful. ..." (Source: Anon. "New York. Yacht Club Season." Rudder, June 1916, p. 255.)

"Herreshoff riggers were busy last week in fitting the New York Yacht Club 50-footer Carolina with a 'Marconi' rig, the first time such a rig has been set up on a Herreshoff racing yacht. The new mainmast is 110 feet in length from step to truck, 14 feet longer than the old mast. The spar is of the built-up type, numerous pieces glued together. The spar is very lofty for a 50-footer, has the usual bow of this type of mast, two sets of spreaders and rakes aft. A preliminary test was given the Carolina on Wednesday [September 10, 1919] afternoon by designer 'Nat' Herreshoff in her 'Marconi' rig, but the breeze was too light and after a half hour the sloop was taken to her moorings.
Several members of the race committee and America Cup committee of the New York Yacht Club, including Sec. George Cormack of the club, were at Herreshoff's the latter part of the week, to look over the new rig of the Carolina and to compare it with that of J. P. Morgan's 50-footer Grayling [#715s]. These two sloops are to be tried out against each other for a test of the 'Marconi' rig." (Source: Anon. "Notes From the Week's Log." Boston Globe, September 14, 1919, p. 48.)

"A clam bake made under the direction of Col. A. W. Hathaway, at the Maytum place, Prudence Island, Sunday [September 14, 1919], was enjoyed by a party of 35, which included Robert W. Emmons, 2nd, Charles Francis Adams, 2nd, R. N. Ellis, George Parkinson, and other members of the New York Yacht Club, besides superintendents, foremen and clerks of the Herreshoff Manufacturing Company.
The yachtsmen are in Bristol to witness trials of a new 'Marconi rig,' on the sloop yacht Carolina, which have been held in the bay during the past few days." (Source: Anon. "Clam Bake For Yachtsmen." Bristol Phoenix, September 16, 1919, p. 3.)

"... With the exception of Carolina [#721s], owned by Vice Commodore George Nichols of the New York Yacht Club, all the N. Y. Y. C. one-design 50-footers have changed owners within the last year. F. D. M. Strachan has sold his Harpoon [#720s ex-Acushla] to L. V. Lockwood of the N. Y. Y. C, Harry B Plant the Spartan [#712s] to Carroll B. Alker. Commodore Ralph Ellis of the Seawanhaka-Corinthian Yacht Club the Iroquois II [#713s] to Vice Commodore Paul Hammond of the same club, Frank B. Paine of Boston the Barbara [#717s] to Isaac B. Merriman of the N. Y. Y. C., the Pleione [#714s] to Kenneth F. Wood of Saylerville, R. I. and L F Crofoot of Omaha, a member of the Eastern Yacht Club, the Virginia [#716s] to Walter K. Shaw of the same club. These transfers were all made since the close of the 1923 season, while Clifford D. Mallory purchased the Grayling [#715s] from former Commodore J. P. Morgan early this year and in June former commodore Aemillus Jarvis of the Royal Canadian Yacht Club of Toronto purchased the Istalena [#711s] and had her converted to schooner rig. ..." (Source: Anon. "Notes From The Week's Log." Boston Globe, December 2, 1923, p. 41.)

"The New York 50 Carolina, owned by Commodore George Nichols of the New York Yacht Club, will come out this season with the Marconi rig she carried in 1921, when the won both the Astor and Kings cups for sloops, but with the curve taken out of the mast. After the 1921 races, Carolina's regular rig was put back in order to conform to class rules, but, this year, the 50 class is practically 'shot,' and it is very likely the Astor and King's cup races will be about all there will be for the big sloops, so that the class restrictions on rig will not count. The old Marconi mast will be split in two, the halves straightened and reglued, and such changes made in the luff of the mainsail as are necessary to take the bag out of it." (Source: Davis, Jeff. "Yachting Gossip." Providence Journal, April 25, 1926, p. ?.)

"... The Carolina [#721s], Capt. Gus Olsen, another of the New York 50-foot racing sloops, and the Squaw [#804s], Capt Irving Johnson [of subsequent schooner Yankee fame], a 40-foot racing sloop, are at the Herreshoff's where they are being overhauled for the racing season." (Source: Anon. "Bristol and Vicinity." Bristol Phoenix, March 4, 1927, p. 2.)

" ... The jibheaded sail-scheme is creeping into all the older classes. In the fifty-foot class Commodore Nichols started it as long ago as 1922, when Carolina won both the Astor and the King's Cup under the new rig, much to the chagrin of the other fifty-footer owners. Carolina came back to the old rig the following season, but now all the fifties have taken on the Marconi gear. ..." (Source: Anon. "Notes of Yachts and Yachtsmen." New York Times, June 17, 1927, p. 20.)

"The great New York fifty-footers, probably the fastest one-design sloops ever built in this country, ... have now been incorporated in what is known as Class M and will race against a new boat built at Herreshoff's for former Commodore Harold S. Vanderbilt named Prestige [#1058s], which embodies all the modern ideas that have developed in recent years for racing yachts and which is built to the limit of Class M. It will be the first meeting of the new and the old.
The fifties also have been modernized. These fine sloops, with a wealth of racing achievement behind them under the old clubtopsail rig, are now coming out under the Marconi sail plan for their supreme test against Prestige. ...
... Clinton H. Crane ... a naval architect who [is] the owner and the helmsman of one of the fifties ... [#715s Ibsis ex-Grayling] ... analyzed the situation as follows:
'Racing in the M class in the coming Summer [of 1927] is a natural development from the previous racing in the popular New York Fifties. The class consisted originally of nine boats built by Herreshoff in 1913. Although of one design, these boats were built to the limits of the universal rule in displacement, quarter-beam length. &c, and were, in Herreshoff's judgment, the fastest model under the rule for a boat of that size, in fact, they turned out so well that the cup defender Resolute [#725s] was subsequently developed from their model.
'In the Summer of 1926 the class was pretty well scattered --- three of them converted into schooners [#711s Venture ex-Istalena and #714s Pleione ] or yawls [#720s Acushla], one [#721s Carolina] into an out-and-out Marconi rating (the same as the fifties did as cutters), and only one, Carolina, racing during the New York Yacht Club cruise. Efforts to revive the class and modernize the rig have been made from time to time. It was suggested that it might be interesting to assemble as many of the fifties as possible, to rig them with a modern Marconi rig and select a rating which would be suitable. The M, or 46-foot class, seemed a very logical class to choose.
'The ball was started rolling by Commodore Nichols and myself agreeing to rerig our fifties [#721s Carolina II and #715s Ibis ex-Grayling] to rate 46 feet and to invite former Commodore Vanderbilt to build a new boat [#1058s Prestige], also to rate 46 feet. Since then Charles L. Harding is rerigging Iroquois [#713s] and Wilmer Hanan is rerigging Spartan [#712s].
Fifties Have Great Record.
'The speed of the fifties is well known, but it is perhaps not realized by the yachting public how fast this one-design class has proved when raced under time allowance against the other racing yachts of the Eastern seaboard. The fifties came out in 1913 and since that date have won every Astor Cup for sloops but one and five out of nine races for the King's Cup where schooners also competed, but since the fifties came out no other sloop has won the King's Cup. With a modernized rig their admirers still feel they will make a good showing even against the new M.
'The new boat being designed for Mr. Vanderbilt by Starling Burgess should do much to show whether or not the developments in the R class have taught naval architects something which can be applied to larger yachts and whether or not as a result of this experiment the model of the fifties is entirely outdated. It will be the first open-class racing as distinct from one-design racing in sloops eligible for the King's Cup that has taken place in many years.
'It seems to me that if the ten-meter class invites some one to build an out and out ten-meter without restrictions other than those imposed by the international rule a similar most interesting experiment might be had in that class." (Source: Lawrence, Seabury. "Fifties Risk Their Prestige Against New Yacht Prestige. Famous Old New York Class to Stand or Fall Next Week in Test With Vanderbilt Craft, Built at Herreshoff's, incorporating Latest Ideas Developed in Racing Yachts." New York Times, June 24, 1927, p. 17.)

"... Next in size and in a way more important [than #1050s Katoura] is the new Prestige, by the same designers [Burgess, Rigg & Morgan] and builder [Herreshoff] for Harold S. Vanderbilt; rating at the top of the 45-foot class. To meet her, four of the old 50-foot one-design class --- Ibis [#715s ex-Grayling], Carolina [#721s], Chiora [#713s ex-Iroquois II] and Spartan [#712s] --- originally rating at 48.4 feet, were refitted with the leg o'-mutton rig and cut down to 45-foot rating, this making a very fine class. The coming season is likely to see one or two new yachts in the class, with others of the old 50-footers. ..." (Source: Stephens, W. P. "Yachting Showed Slow Recovery From World War." Brooklyn Daily Eagle, December 25, 1927, p. C5.)

"46 FT. CLASS M
[#1058s] M-1 Prestige, Harold S. Vanderbilt
[#715s] M-4 Ibis, Hendon Chubb
[#721s] M-5 Carolina, George Nichols
[W. S. Burgess-designed, A&R-built] M-7 Valiant, Winthrop W. Aldrich
[#716s] M-8 Andiamo, W. K. Shaw." (Source: Anon. "Racing Numbers Long Island Sound Yacht Racing Association." Rudder, August 1928, p. 102.)

"1932. ... Richard V. Gambrill at Newport bought the New York 50 Carolina, ..." (Source: Davis, Jeff. Yachting in Narragansett Bay. Providence, 1946, p. 57.)

"... [Stored in the sheds of the Herreshoff Manufacturing Company during the hurricane of 1938] Commodore W. A. W. Stewart’s schooner the Queen Mab [#698s ex-Vagrant I], the flagship of the New York Yacht Club; the M class sloop, the Carolina [#721s], owned by R.V.N. Gambrill of Newport, and some others had supporting shores washed out and were eased down on their bilges, while Harold S. Vanderbilt’s M class yacht, the Prestige [#1058s] was left upright on her cradle. ..." (Source: Bristol Phoenix, September 30, 1938. Quoted in: Simpson, Richard, V. "The Great Hurricane and Tidal Wave of 1938: Scenes of the Disaster in Rhode Island's East Bay." Roger Williams University, Bristol, 2012. http://docs.rwu.edu/hurricane_1938/1, retrieved April 12, 2014.)

"... The New Year's Day grounding of the 72-foot yawl Carolina came up during the meeting with attorney James Richmond on hand. He told the board he had advised Skipper-Owner John C. Rosebrook that he had a cause of action against the BHC because of the mishap.
The yacht owner is seeking to recover damages from the territory on grounds an entrance buoy was out of position at the time of the grounding.
Coast Guard Lt. O.D. French, who was aboard the Carolina, told the commissioners he was bringing the yawl in on the the range lights, when the vessel went aground at the entrance to the Ala Wai Yacht harbor.
Chairman Ben E. Nutter reminded Mr. Richmond that the proper procedure would be to go before the legislature to seek action. ..." (Source: Anon. "Harbor Bard Concerned Over Waikiki Catamarans." The Honolulu Advertiser, April 28, 1954, p. 13.)

"Act 144.
An Act Making Available an Appropriation from the General Revenues of the Territory for the Claim of John C. Rosebrook and Fran H. Rosebrook for the loss of the Vessel Carolina. Be it enachted by the Legislature of the Territory of Hawaii: ... The sum of $13,365.00 or so much thereof as may be necessary is hereby appropriated from the general revenues of the Territory not otherwise appropriated for the purpose of paying any legally adjudicated claim of John C. Rosebrook " (Source: Bulletin Publishing Company. Laws of the Territory of Hawaii Passed by the Legislature. 1954.)

"... Claim of John C. and Fran U. Rosebrook for Loss Suffered in connection with the Stranding and Loss of the Vessel Carolina. $13,385.00." (Source: Hawaii. Dept. of the Comptroller. Report of the Comptroller. 1955.)

"At 72 feet overall, the New York 50s were among the largest Herreshoff sailing hulls to be built upside down and entirely of wood construction. They were built in a kind of production line. While one hull was being planked, the previous one, turned upright, was having its interior and deck installed. This same two-boat cycle was repeated all during the winter and spring of 1912-1913, until the last of the nine New York 50s slid overboard from the North Construction Shop's launching ways.
Like all but the smallest Herreshoff-built wood-hulled racing yachts, the New York 50s were double-planked and diagonally strapped with metal, which gave them unusual strength for their weight. ..." (Source: Bray, Maynard and Carlton Pinheiro. Herreshoff of Bristol. Brooklin, Maine, 1989, p. 103.)

"N/A"

"N/A"

"[Item Description:] HH.5.02148 (029-054). Blueprint preliminary general arrangement plan with plan view and inboard profile titled 'Sloop. WL about 50ft. Scale 3/8in = 1ft. Sept[ember] 16 - 1912'. Marked in pencil 'Standard Arrangement for 50ft Class [New York 50 class: #711s, #712s, #713s, #714s, #715s, #716s, #717s, #720s and #721s]'." (Source: Herreshoff Manufacturing Co. (creator). Blueprint. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Acc. 2004.0001.0143. WRDT08, Folder 12, formerly MRDE02. 1912-09-16.)
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"[Item Description:] Penciled pantograph hull sections with weight calculations titled '50 w.l. Sloops. Measured at 51.5[t] LWL (LWL is 2 1/2 inches above the designed w.l. of 50!). Sept 22, 1912. From finished model. Nos. 711-12-13-14-15-16-17-20&21 [#711s VENTURA, #712s SPARTAN, #713s IROQUOIS II, #714s PLEIONE, #715s GRAYLING, #716s SAMURI, #717s BARBARA, #720s ACUSHLA, #721s CAROLINA II]'." (Source: Herreshoff, N.G. (creator). Pantograph Hull Sections. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MRDE04_00890. Folder [no #]. 1912-09-22.)
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"[Item Description:] Penciled pantograph hull sections with weight calculations titled '#711 & class. 50 w.l. Sloops. Referred to designed w.l. of 50ft. Scale 1/2in. From finished model. Nos. 711-12-13-14-15-16-17 [#711s VENTURA, #712s SPARTAN, #713s IROQUOIS II, #714s PLEIONE, #715s GRAYLING, #716s SAMURI, #717s BARBARA, #720s ACUSHLA, #721s CAROLINA II]. Sept 22, 1912'." (Source: Herreshoff, N.G. (creator). Pantograph Hull Sections. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MRDE04_00910. Folder [no #]. 1912-09-22.)
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"[Item Description:] Penciled pantograph lead sections on partially very creased paper titled 'No 711 & class [#711s, #712s, #713s, #714s, #715s, #716s, #717s, #720s, #721s]. Scale 1in & 1/12in. Sept[ember] 24, 1912'. Wth calculations showing required lead of 37410lbs at .576 of 50ft w.l." (Source: Herreshoff, N.G. (creator). Pantograph Lead Sections. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MRDE04_03790. Folder [no #]. 1912-09-24.)
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"[Item Description:] HMCo Plan 76-111. Photostat construction plan with inboard profile, plan view, sections and scantlings titled '72ft overall, 50ft w.l., 14ft 6in beam, 9ft 9in br' for the NY50 class (#711s, #712s, #713s, #714s, #715s, #716s, #717s, #720s, #721s)." (Source: Herreshoff Manufacturing Co. (creator). Photostat Construction Plan. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Acc. 2004.0001.0164. WRDT08, Folder 15, formerly MRDE02. 1913-04-21.)
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"[Item Description:] Penciled pantograph hull sections with pinpricks and radials titled '711 Class [#711s, #712s, #713s, #714s, #715s, #716s, #717s, #720s, #721s]. 50 footers. Oct[ober] 2 1913'." (Source: Herreshoff, N.G. (creator). Pantograph Hull Sections. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Acc. 2004.0001.0392. WRDT04, Folder 34, formerly MRDE08. 1913-10-02.)
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"[Item Transcription:] Order book with carbon copy duplicates of instructions given by NGH. Relevant contents:
§51: Work Order [For] #711s, #712s, #713s, #714s, #715s, #716s, #717s, #720s, #721s. [When wanted] Soon. Plow steel wire (1912-10-05)." (Source: Herreshoff, N.G. (creator). Order Book. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MRDE08_04730. Folder [no #]. 1909-10 to 1914-11.)
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"[Item Description:] Handwritten (in ink) rating rule-related table on two pages with dimensions LOA, LWL, overhang fore & aft, mean length, freeboard fore & center & aft, breadth deck & w.l., draft, cube-root (displacement), 1st mast mean length, 1st to 2nd mast, J, P1, H1, B1, G1, V1, T1, P2, P2a, H2, B2, Q2, Y2,T2, sail area, sqrt(SA), sqrt(SA - NYYC Rule) for #605s RELIANCE, #499s COLUMBIA, #725s RESOLUTE, #529s MINEOLA, #663s ISTALENA, #666s AVENGER, New York 50s (#711s, #712s, #713s, #714s, #715s, #716s, #717s, #720s, #721s), #411s GLORIANA, #685s ADVENTURESS, #617s COCK ROBIN II, #586s NELLIE, #709s JOYANT, #708s CORINTHIAN, #670s SENECA, Bar Harbor 31s (#592s, #593s, #594s, #595s, #596s, #597s, #598s, #599s, #600s, #601s, #602s, #603s, #604s), New York 30s (#626s, #627s, #628s, #629s, #630s, #631s, #632s, #633s, #635s, #636s, #637s, #638s, #639s, #640s, #642s, #643s, #647s, #648s), Newport 29s (#727s, #728s, #737s), #691s MORE JOY, #446s ALERION II, Buzzards Bay 550s (#733s, #734s, #736s, #738s, #741s), #617s COCK ROBIN II, #493s JILT, #732s SADIE, #460s KILDEE, Buzzards Bay 15s (#503s Class), Buzzards Bay 12 1/2s (#744s Class), #703s FLYING CLOUD, #669s ELEANOR, #722s KATOURA, #692s WESTWARD, #657s QUEEN, #719s VAGRANT II, #698s VAGRANT, #663s ISTALENA, and #743s HASWELL. With penciled note 'Measurements in ft & inches. Results in ft & decimals'. Undated (the youngest boat on this list is from 1914/1915 and this was probably prepared in preparation for NGH's sail area rating rule of 1914/1915)." (Source: Herreshoff, N.G. (creator). Handwritten Table. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MRDE15_00100. Folder [no #]. No date (1914 / 1915 ?).)
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"[Item Description:] have bought this morning #721s CAROLINA, mainsail, do you have a cheap launch for #725s RESOLUTE" (Source: Nichols, George. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_18410. Correspondence, Folder 51, formerly 54. 1916-03-13.)
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"[Item Description:] think you are right as to the size of the halliards & sheet, please send me a set of the blocks next size larger & I will change them, I was out [in #812s Nahma] in a strong breeze last week & the mast stood all right except off the wind, then it went forward a good deal but I do not suppose that spreaders would help this, NY50s raced on Saturday, I was on #721s CAROLINA, we won over #717s BARBARA, what chance has [#667s] AURORA as to saving her time against the NY50s in the big cups?, think the NY50s can give their time to the 40s but have not had a good chance yet" (Source: Duncan, W. Butler, Jr. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_21050. Correspondence, Folder 61. 1916-06-05.)
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"[Item Description:] Penciled sailplan of a marconi-rigged New York 50 with curved mast titled 'CAROLINA [#721s]. Not used'. Undated, CAROLINA was first converted to Marconi in August/September 1919 with further changes made in 1926 and 1927." (Source: Herreshoff, N.G. (creator). Penciled Sailplan. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item WRDT06_00180. Folder [no #]. No date (1919-08 ??).)
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"[Item Description:] received cable yesterday that first race of America's Cup is fixed for June 24 [1920], need to commission #725s RESOLUTE early, think it necessary to try marconi rig on NY50 [which will be #721s CAROLINA II]" (Source: Cormack, George A. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_18040. Correspondence, Folder 49, formerly 76. 1919-08-05.)
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"[Item Description:] C. O. Iselin has written to George Baker that he hopes NGH will consider #721s CAROLINA's marconi rig for #725s RESOLUTE, Mr. Morgan has put [the gaff-rigged] #715s GRAYLING at my disposal for comparative trials against CAROLINA" (Source: Nichols, George. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_18460. Correspondence, Folder 51, formerly 54. 1919-08-12.)
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"[Item Transcription:] [Typewritten letter on India Building, 84 State St., Boston stationery:] August 15, 1919
N, G. Herreshoff, Esq.,
Bristol. R.I. My dear Nat:
Thanks for yours of the 13th.
I think it is right for us to bear in mind that we ought to try this experiment [new Marconi rig for #721s CAROLINA]] in a way which we regard as the best practical way for a 75-foot boat [#725s RESOLUTE which was being contemplated to be fitted with a Marconi rig]. If you think that the strains of a boat of that size are such as to make rigging which does not line up right over a spreader dangerous, I confess that I do not differ much from you; although I also confess to some surprise that the strains on the upper part of a small marconi mast appear to be so moderate. I can only add this to your statement of the advantages of a curved mast. I think a narrow peak on a marconi is probably hard to make stand well, and is likely to turn into a curving area which does not justify the length and weight of mast which is necessary to support it. Possibly you can help this a trifle by curving the head of the mast as much as possible above and slightly below the point of attachment of your shrouds.
I should have been inclined to put a little of the extra area which you have to dispose of into the mainsail instead of raising the upper point of your fore-triangle as much as 3 ft; but very likely you are right, specially in view of the requirements off the wind of a 75-foot boat.
By all means go ahead, curving the mast only as much as you would dare in a big boat and setting your jib stay on the same principle.
Possibly these changes will enable you to lighten your mast still [p. 2] further. It is needless to say that I strongly feel that we would not be trying the marconi fairly without making a large saving in weight aloft over the ordinary rig of a [New York] 50.
With warmest and best regards, believe me Very sincerely yours, ..." (Source: Adams, Charles Francis, III. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_04830. Correspondence, Folder 16, formerly 106. 1919-08-15.)
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"[Item Description:] Burton and Heckstall-Smith seem to like our [Universal] Rule very much, don't know if we can send delegates to Conference in London, shall be in Bristol in a week, looking forward to the trials [comparing marconi and gaff rig on #721s CAROLINA and #715s GRAYLING] with great interest" (Source: Cormack, George A. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_18030. Correspondence, Folder 49, formerly 76. 1919-09-05.)
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"[Item Description:] George Nichols, Butler Duncan and I think you should send Heckstall-Smith your views on the rule, am glad #721s CAROLINA is ready [with her marconi rig] and will be in Bristol on Friday [September 12, 1919], think that the trials [comparing marconi and gaff rig on CAROLINA and #715s GRAYLING] that we are about to make are quite as interesting as any that we have made for a long time" (Source: Cormack, George A. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_18020. Correspondence, Folder 49, formerly 76. 1919-09-08.)
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"[Item Transcription:] Your letter of Sep 23 [1919] was received. I knew you had gone to meet the yachtsmen [to compare marconi and gaff rig on #721s CAROLINA and #715s GRAYLING] and it was all right. Your talk with them must have been interesting. I didn't know that[?] I would get down in the evening but I was pretty tired and thought I'd better rest.
I was much pleased with your Bermuda friends Mrs. McCallan and her daughter. I who am so fond of brown eyes was particularly struck with the soft beauty of the little girl's eyes.
I feel that I was fortunate too in happening down just when Mrs. Churchill[?] was there. The little Flossie who used to sit at the end of my drawing table and made pictures with my colored pencils forty years ago. The past Summer has been a notable one for me. I have met so many of the old friends. Friends in whose hearts I still have a place though so many years have passed.
I thought of you yesterday, so lovely a day. Doubtless you were off in the HELIANTHUS [#299p]. I hope that before it is too cold[?] you will get up here. It is still very green and pleasant. The frost has held off wonderfully. No real frost yet though the thermometer has stood at 34deg for several mornings.
Mary has been quite comfortable for the past few days and the accompanying seenchin[?] has been very welcome.
I sent to [your brother] Lewis the other day four packages of meal which was all I had then but I have ground since, and sent two more by post --- two of the six were for you. Thank you for the cleeck[? clock?]. Remember me to Mrs. McCallan and the little girl if they are still with you, and to all you say best wishes.
Sincerely yours, ... [Incl. envelope with penciled note by NGH 'I think this my last letter from George. NGH'.] [George Phillips died December 16, 1919.]" (Source: Phillips, George. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_06990. Correspondence, Folder 24, formerly 210. 1919-09-29.)
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"[Item Description:] hope to bring out #721s CAROLINA in 1921, am not interested in keel R-boat you suggest, might have been interested in a centerboard R-boat which you think is not worth trying, Hammond is still desirous that you should build him a 6mR boat [#861s SHEILA], 'Shut-down at Bristol, I personally much regret, but if we cannot get payments on time from Mr. Winton [for #377p ARA], it seems necessary either to do it or to borrow sizable additional amounts of money, which I don't like. My feeling is that our help can doubtless stand a short shut-down without suffering, and that the labor conditions elsewhere are in such shape that we are unlikely to lose any appreciable number. If a shut-down is determined on, I believe it should be complete and now rather than next month', 'feel that the situation is a serious one, but not really alarming if we keep cool and husband our resources'" (Source: Nichols, George. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_18530. Correspondence, Folder 51, formerly 54. 1920-12-08.)
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"[Item Description:] regret I did not see you during NYYC cruise, saw the new #378p HELIANTHUS III several times in the offing, we got the leg-o-mutton sail on #721s CAROLINA and won Astor Cup beating rest of NY50s 45 seconds a mile, expect other NY50s to also adopt marconi rig and expect profitable business in this way for HMCo" (Source: Cormack, George A. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_18060. Correspondence, Folder 49, formerly 76. 1921-08-05.)
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"[Item Transcription:] COPY. ...
I have yours of August 5th with enclosures [regarding #377p ARA] which I return herewith, as I have copies of them --- together with copy of letter which I have today written Nat.
I enclose also a letter to the Directors written by Griswold Herreshoff and delivered by him to me at Newport just after you left 'CAROLINA' [#721s].
I should like to see a statement of the Company's cash transactions annually since we took it over in 1917; this statement to show simply cash paid out annually on one side, and cash received on the other, and should include as cash paid out material bought from the inventory at market value.
My feeling is, as I have tried to express it before, that most of the stockholders put their money into the Company to preserve a tool to Nat's hand during his active lifetime. Provided the cash statement does not show much loss, I would favor telling Nat that the above was the case, and that subject to general oversight of the Company's affairs to prevent its entering into engagements that might entail sizable loss, he could run it to suit himself with such assistants as he saw fit, for the present. If he is now at a point where he definitely wants to retire from interest in the Company, I rather think we should try to sell the plant and business for what it will bring, and wind up the Company's affairs. By means of a mortgage, this could be done on easy terms if it seemed desirable.
The foregoing does not express an irrevocable idea on my part, but rather a plan for criticism. When the Directors arrive at a definite plan of action, I believe the stockholders should be consulted before it is put into execution.
I hope that you will have good weather for Race Week, and more interesting competition than we had during the cruise.
Enclosures.
Sincerely yours, ..." (Source: Nichols, George. Letter to Charles F. Adams. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_07210. Correspondence, Folder 24, formerly 211. 1921-08-06.)
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"[Item Description:] need some time to analyse HMCo financial figures, approve of your plan re #721s CAROLINA's bulkheads and please leave instructions how to do so before you leave for the winter, Ayer has invited me on little cruise on #698s QUEEN MAB ex-VAGRANT I" (Source: Nichols, George. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_18600. Correspondence, Folder 51, formerly 54. 1921-08-29.)
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"[Item Description:] Four pages with penciled sailplan sketches showing different rigs on a New York 50 hull. All versions are marconi rigged, four schooner versions (of which one still has a gaff foresail), one sloop rig, one ketch rig, one yawl rig. All with penciled annotations and sail area calculations. One reference to CAROLINA [#721s]. Dated in lower right margin 'Dec 1921'. Filed with NGH's Dec 15, 1921 'Suggestions for Revision of Racing Rules'." (Source: Herreshoff, N.G. (creator). Sketches. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_73490. Measuring and Measurement Rules (Box 2), Folder B2F08, formerly MRDE15. 1921-12-00.)
① ② ③ ④ ⑤

"[Item Description:] Seven mimeographed pages with race results of the Cruise of the New York Yacht Club of 1922. Races: Astor Cups off Newport, R.I. on August 2d, 1922. 1st Run Newport to Mattapoisett on August 3, 1922. 2dt Run Mattapoisett to Vineyard Haven on August 4, 1922. 3rd Run Vineyard Haven to Provincetown on August 5, 1922. 4th Run Provincetown to Gloucester on August 7, 1922. 5th Run Gloucester to Marblehead on August 8, 1922. Among the finishers were schooners #719s VAGRANT II, #698s QUEEN MAB ex-VAGRANT I, #663s IROLITA ex-ISTALENA, #827s OHONKARA and #772s MARIETTE, New York 50s #721s CAROLINA, #711s ISTALENA ex-VENTURE, #720s ACUSHLA ex-HARPOON and #717s BARBARA, New York 40s #776s ROWDY, #777s ZILPH, #804s SQUAW, #774s MISTRAL, #779s SALLY ANN ex-JESSICA, #781s PAMPERO and #773s MONSOON ex-MAISIE, New York 30s #629s COUNTESS ex-MAID OF MEUDON, #648s MINX, #632s ALICE ex-TABASCO, #640s BANZAI, #637s ORIOLE and #630s LENA ex-PINTAIL, as well as cutter #586s BUTTERFLY ex-NELLIE." (Source: NYYC (creator). Race Results. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_72340. Measuring and Measurement Rules (Box 2), Folder B2F01, formerly MRDE15. 1922.)
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"[Item Description:] team [for the British American Team Race Challenge sailed in 6mRs off Seawanhaka CYC in Oyster Bay] has been picked, much disappointed that you did not come out, #874s CYGNET only made Team B, Paul [Hammond] sailed her better than I have ever seen him but showed ignorance of tactics and rules, have thought about what you say about #378p HELIANTHUS III, do not know what salary you now receive from HMCo, think it is a real, if intangible value to the company in your cruising about, shows you believe in your own boats, should like to put before the directors question of adjusting your salary so that you can continue to do so, jib topsail hook, #721s CAROLINA's mast" (Source: Nichols, George. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_18700. Correspondence, Folder 51, formerly 54. 1922-08-25.)
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"[Item Description:] model of #721s CAROLINA came safely, George is delighted with it and seems to consider it perfect in every way, I am no end obliged to you for all your trouble in the matter, in your note you do not say how much I owe you for the model, please let me know" (Source: Nichols, Jane M. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_18770. Correspondence, Folder 51, formerly 54. 1923-03-08.)
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"[Item Description:] HMCo Plan 74-75. Blueprint detail plan titled 'Quick Working Shackles for Blocks Hal & Double Sheets. Job 1-336. Mentioned vessels include: #711s, #712s, #713s, #714s, #715s, #716s, #717s, #720s, #721s, #773s, #774s, #775s, #776s, #777s, #778s, #779s, #780s, #781s, #782s, #783s, #804s, #891s, #955s, and #983s." (Source: Herreshoff Manufacturing Co. (Newman, H.F.) (creator). Blueprint. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Acc. 2004.0001.0184. WRDT08, Folder 17, formerly MRDE06. 1923-03-12.)
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"[Item Description:] delighted with model of #721s CAROLINA which is now in our living room, if #729s SCAPA would were only bigger she would still be the best R-boat, what would she do as a 6mR with 100 sq ft less sail [penciled, apparently in NGH's hand, at the top: SCAPA 465 sq, CYGNET 540 sq], Paul Hammond asked for help and I would be glad to help tune up and coach him if he in turn would give the business his undivided attention, he plans to have #874s CYGNET in commission by middle of April" (Source: Nichols, George. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_18760. Correspondence, Folder 51, formerly 54. 1923-03-17.)
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"[Item Transcription:] Printed pamphlet titled 'Racing Rules. New York Yacht Club. 1924'. Incl. a printed 'List of yachts, the measurements of which are on file with the Race Committee. July, 1924.
Schooners
D 7 FLYING CLOUD
D 10 IROLITA [#663s ex-ISTALENA]
C 5 MARIETTE [#772s ]
E 14 NOMAD
F 22 NORKA
C 2 OHONKARA [#827s ]
D 8 PRINCESS [#658s ex-IROLITA II]
E 9 QUEEN MAB [#698s ex-VAGRANT I]
E 16 SHAWNA
C 12 SONNICA
C 7 VAGRANT [#719s ]
FF 1 WANDERER IX
D 22 WILDFIRE [#891s ]
Fifty Class
N.Y. 52 ANDIAMO [#716s ex-SAMURI]
N.Y. 55 CAROLINA [#716s ]
N.Y. 53 IROQUOIS II [#721s ]
N.Y. 54 MYSTIC [#715s ex-GRAYLING]
N.Y. 56 SPARTAN [#716s ]
Forty Class
N.Y.Y.C. 8 BANSHEE [#782s ex-PAULINE]
N.Y.Y.C. 2 COCKATOO [#775s ex-DOLLY BOWEN]
N.Y.Y.C. 12 IRIS [#777s ex-ZILPH]
N.Y.Y.C. 6 MISTRAL [#782s ]
N.Y.Y.C. 7 PAMPERO [#775s ]
N.Y.Y.C. 9 ROWDY [#777s ]
N.Y.Y.C. 3 SALLY ANN [#779s ex-JESSICA]
N.Y.Y.C. 10 SHAWARA [#782s ]
THIRTY CLASS
N.Y. 18 ADIOS [#647s ex-ANEMONE]
N.Y. 1 ALERA [#647s ]
N.Y. 7 ALICE [#632s ex-TABASCO]
N.Y. 15 BANZAI [#647s ]
N.Y. 8 CAROLITA [#633s ex-CARLITA]
N.Y. 4 COUNTESS [#629s ex-MAID OF MEUDON]
N.Y. 14 FIJI II [#639s ex-CARA MIA]
N.Y. 5 LENA [#630s ex-PINTAIL]
N.Y. 12 MINX [#638s ex-NEOLA II]
N.Y. 11 ORIOLE [#637s ex-ORIOLE]
N.Y. 13 PHANTOM [#648s ex-MINX]
0 Class
L.O. 1 GEORGIA
L.O. 4 GREY DAWN
L.O. 5 MAISIE
L.O. 3 NIMBUS
Various Classes
N 2 ALICE
N.Y. 58 BARBARA [#717s ] (Aux. Sloop)
P 1 BUTTERFLY [#586s ex-NELLIE]
M 15 LADRONE [#634s ex-SUZETTA III] (Aux. Yawl)
N.Y. 51 REVERY [#720s ex-ACUSHLA] (Aux. Yawl)
M 6 VENTURA [#717s ]
K 3 WINSOME [#717s ] (Aux. Ketch)'.
Of 49 yachts listed (including 11 NY30s, 8 NY40s and 5 NY50s plus 2 NY50s and 1 NY70 out of class) 37 or 75% were designed and built by Herreshoff." (Source: New York Yacht Club (creator). Printed Pamphlet. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MRDE08_01830. Folder [no #]. 1924.)
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"[Item Transcription:] I thank you for yours of the 13th inst. received this morning, and am glad to hear that you plan to use the straight mast [for #721s CAROLINA].
The situation as to the curved mast is a little complicated just now. The New York Yacht Club a year ago passed a rule prohibiting a mast with a built-in curve. As the N.Y.Y.C does not recognize anything under 38 feet, or --- according to an amendment now in process of drafting --- 30 feet, the rule would not apply to Class 'R'. The Massachusetts Bay Clubs, I understand, prohibit the curved mast in boats Class 'Q' and upwards, though I am not sure whether this prohibition has been ratified or not. The Yacht Racing Association of Long Island Sound has recommended to its member Clubs that the curved mast be barred in all classes, but the Clubs have not yet ratified the recommendation. In England where the mast with the built-in curve has been barred for some years, several of the designers --- notably Mr. Fife in his Six Metre boats --- do not set up their mast-head rigging at all hard with the result that their masts appear to take some slight curve in a breeze." (Source: Nichols, George. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_30140. Subject Files, Folder 27, formerly 10-15. 1925-02-17.)
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"[Item Transcription:] I have been trying as you know to work out a sail plan for CAROLINA [#721s] that can be handled smartly by three paid hands of the quality now obtainable. To do this it seemed to me necessary to get rid of topmast backstays & jib topsail sheets.
Enclosed is a rough tracing sketch (as I have no tools in town but a doubtful straight edge). It contemplates using my present marconi mast straigtened & is within a few inches of the height allowed. The measured area in 2825 [sqft] versus 3197 [sqft] for the present rig & gives a rating 45.5 versus 48.4 so the new rig would receive an allowance of about 9 seconds per mile from the old, if all my figures are correct.
A balloon stay sail could of course be set in light weather. It is my hope not to sacrifice speed by the change but I am worried by the loss of area. i would go to windward all riht in any sort of a breeze but would I ever get down wind? What do you think of the thing & if at all favourable impressed how would you stay the mast? It is very long & will whip about more or less in a sea way so possibly two sets of spreaders will line up the rigging better than a single set?
Junius & I are eagerly awaiting news of the R models [for #932s GAMECOCK]. [See penciled sailplan sketch of a sloop with superimposed marconi and gaff rig, untitled, only annotated with 'Scale 1/4in = 1ft. March 2, 1925'.]" (Source: Nichols, George. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_30090. Subject Files, Folder 27, formerly 10-15. 1925-03-02.)
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"[Item Description:] Penciled sailplan sketch of a sloop with superimposed marconi and gaff rig. Untitled, only annotated with 'Scale 1/4in = 1ft. March 2, 1925'. This is the plan of #721s CAROLINA with a straigthened Marconi mast and sent with and mentioned in George Nichols' letter to NGH from March 2, 1925 filed in Folder 27." (Source: Nichols, George (creator). Penciled Sailplan. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item WRDT06_01530. Folder [no #]. 1925-03-02.)
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"[Item Transcription:] I thank you for yours of the 5th inst. regarding the rig for the '50's' [and thus for #721s CAROLINA].
One-design racing in this Class seems to be at a low ebb. Mallory [owner of #715s MYSTIC ex-GRAYLING] plans to stick 8 feet onto his present mast and to leave the fore triangle as at present, thereby, I should think, producing a result that is neither one thing or the other. Hanan, to whom expense means nothing, has proposed leaving 'SPARTAN' [#712s] as she is, but wants permission to carry seven paid hands. Paul Hammond still owns 'Iroquois' [#713s], and I believe hopes to sell her, but is holding her at a very high price. Shaw [owner of #716s ANDIAMO ex-SAMURI], I understand, has ordered from someone in Boston a mast some 10 feet longer than my Marconi. Whether or not he has ordered the rest of the rig, I do not know, but he is not a racing man and what he does or does not do is of little importance to the Class. Hanan, who has been cruising in the West Indies, is expected home in a few days when I hope to see him and make some arrangement for the coming Summer. [incl. envelope]" (Source: Nichols, George. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_30220. Subject Files, Folder 27, formerly 10-15. 1925-03-09.)
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"[Item Transcription:] Thank you very much for yours of the 13th inst. regarding 'CAROLINA' [#721s].
Her present leg-o'mutton rig with the curved mast is now barred by the rules so that I cannot use it. My thought in regard to the proposed changes was that it would produce a rig of considerably smaller actual area than the present one. Webb figured rating at 45.5 as against 48.4 with present rig. This worked out would amount to 9 seconds per mile in favor of the reduced rig.
Owing to the break-up of the [NY50] Class, it would be necessary to sail 'CAROLINA' at her rating on the cruise, and on the Sound would probably be required to sail against 'SPARTAN' [#712s] --- my sole competitor --- boat for boat in order to test the relative efficiency of the two rigs, 'SPARTAN' probably retaining her present one. She had a lot of new sails last season and is in first class shape, while my light sails except for the two spinnakers are about gone.
I figure that even with the change, my present leg-o'mutton mainsail might be cut over to answer for what little racing there will be. It would be somewhat small, but otherwise as good as any other sail I would be likely to get. If you think the experiment would be of any value, will try to arrange it with [SPARTAN's owner] Hanan; otherwise will sail with present rig." (Source: Nichols, George. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_30050. Subject Files, Folder 27, formerly 10-15. 1925-04-16.)
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"[Item Transcription:] I am glad to have your letter of the 9th, and have no serious objection to the shop duplicating 'GAME COCK' [#932s] if you have not. I do think, however, that it is poor policy for them to do so. Couldn't they shift the ends a little to do away with the quarter beam penalty and give her a little more lateral plane either by moving the stern post aft or increasing the draft, and still get most of the advantage from using the same moulds? I am very desirous of seeing the Herreshoff-built boats win. You may, or may not, think it worth while to hand on this suggestion to the shop.
Junius is very much interested in his new boat [#966s GRAYLING], and is very pleased with her model. It is gratifying that he takes so much interest in design as well as just sailing, and I hope you will encourage him to keep it up. He makes sailing models himself and is improving fast.
While it is a bit early to make definite plans, I want very much to bring 'CAROLINA' [#721s] out next year with a leg-o'mutton rig, and hope not to be handicapped in designing it by necessity of using more of her present gear than fits. If she had no gear at all and you were rigging her to race against the time scale with particular reference to the Astor and King's Cups, what would you give her? Under the Rule, she must have a straight mast." (Source: Nichols, George. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_30250. Subject Files, Folder 27, formerly 10-15. 1925-10-13.)
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"[Item Transcription:] I thank you for your letter of the 14th enclosing Mr. [Walter K.] Shaw's letter [regarding a change of rig for his NY50 #716s ANDIAMO ex-SAMURI] which I am returning herewith.
As Mr. Shaw does not race, his rig does not interest me except to the extent that I may learn something from observing his experiments, and as he has very positive opinions, it is difficult to discuss matters with him in advance.
I have put some of my thoughts on the subject of rig [for #721s CAROLINA] up to Mr. Nat, and he may speak to you about them if he thinks they are any good." (Source: Nichols, George. Letter to Brightman, Tom. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_29960. Subject Files, Folder 26, formerly 10-15. 1925-10-15.)
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"[Item Transcription:] I am glad to have your letter of the 14th this morning, as also Mr. Shaw's from the shop.
Mr. Shaw [the owner of #716s ANDIAMO ex-SAMURI], so far as I know, is not a racing man so that what he does or does not do [with ANDIAMO's rig] has only academic interest [regarding my decisions concerning the rig for #721s CAROLINA].
I never counted the pieces of brass, but as a practical matter, feel sure that four good men can keep a [New York] 50 clean without unduly exerting themselves. The fact is, I always thought that a reasonable amount of brass was a good thing in that it gives the men some little occupation.
It has also been my experience that the only time when the six men are really needed is for smart handling around marks or of course in some sudden and unforeseen emergency. The mainsail and club topsail once set take care of themselves in ordinary racing situations. Where the men are needed is in handling light sails and back-stays. In other words, if we grant that four men can handle a 50 Footer satisfactorily in cruising, the two extra men in the racing crew are necessary for the head sails --- not the mainsail and club topsail. The proper handling of these latter depends much more on the skill and judgment of the skipper than the number of his crew. Your experience is so very much greater than mine that I should be interested to know how far you agree with me.
Am returning Mr. Shaw's letter and note accompanying it, of which I enclose a copy." (Source: Nichols, George. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_29970. Subject Files, Folder 26, formerly 10-15. 1925-10-15.)
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"[Item Transcription:] I was interested to hear from Mr. Haffenreffer that the ex-'GRAYLING' [#715s MYSTIC] --- I do not know her present name --- has turned up at Bristol.
When you have inspected her, I should be interested to hear what happened to her, and what you would recommend doing to 'CAROLINA' [#721s] to prevent a similar occurrence in her case." (Source: Nichols, George. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_30460. Subject Files, Folder 27, formerly 10-15. 1925-10-26.)
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"[Item Description:] Penciled rig detail sketch showing both a straight mast and a curved mast marconi rig. Untitled, no notes, undated. Possibly related to #721s CAROLINA marconi rig experiments in August 1919 or, more likely, to the redesign of CAROLINA's curved mast marconi rig to a straight mast in the winter of 1925/1926." (Source: Herreshoff, N.G. (creator). Penciled Sketch. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MRDE02_05860. Folder [no #]. No date (1925-12 ??).)
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"[Item Transcription:] On stationery from 'The New Colonial [Hotel in] Nassau Bahamas': much disappointed not to be with you today but this port is much wrought up over small pox in Florida & is strictly quaratined so I plan to return to N.Y. direct via first steamer probably on Tuesday.
Starling [Burgess] has designed a new rig for Mr. [Walter K.] Shaw for [#716s] ANDIAMO [ex-SAMURI] about as follows: [dimensioned sketch of marconi rigged NY50]. Mr Shaw asked Mr. Hanan [owner or #712s SPARTAN] & me [owner of #721s CAROLINA] to join him. I told Mr. Hanan I planned to sail CAROLINA with her 1919 rig with only moderate changes. He asked if I would assume rating so as to sail him even which I said I would not. He asked me to get you to design him a new rig for SPARTAN leaving[?] the time scale in mind. I gave him your address & told him to write you himself. What he wanted to do was to prevent my getting a better rig from you than himself. It looks as if the [New York] 50's would not be rigged one design this summer but would race every one for himself. Starling's rig will cost about $7,500 which is more money than I have to spend. I hope to race with 4 paid hands a loose footed jib & no jib topsail. Butler [Duncan] thinks the idea no good against Starling's rig. Can it be done? Have written this in five minutes as mail is closing on NASSAUVIAN [the 160ft LOA mailboat carrying mail between Nassau and Miami]." (Source: Nichols, George. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_29920. Subject Files, Folder 26, formerly 10-15. 1926-01-23.)
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"[Item Description:] Blueprint sailplan titled 'N.Y.Y.C. 50 Footer. Scale 1/4in -1ft' of a New York 50 with, both, gaff rig and marconi rig marked 'Leg O'Mutton Sail on Original Mast' and 'CAROLINA's [#721s] Leg O'Mutton Sail'. With penciled in (one in red) rig overlays and penciled calculations dated Jan[uary] 20, 1926. Probably sent by CAROLINA's owner George Nichols." (Source: Herreshoff Manufacturing Co. (creator) and Nichols George (?) (creator). Blueprint Sailplan. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Acc. 2004.0001.0036. WRDT08, Folder 4, formerly MRDE09. 1926-01-27.)
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"[Item Transcription:] I finally reached home on Thursday evening direct from Nassau on the SS MARANGO[?], we came up the coast in what was reported as a 72 mile gale with the thermometer about 10 above zero, so the ship iced up considerably, it was a very pretty pieve of boat handling when we picked up the pilot just inside Ambrose L[ight] V[essel].
I am now fussing with a rig for CAROLINA [#721s]. I want to use my present leg-o-mutton mast straightened & to try a single jib & no jib topsail. She carried too much weather helm with the trial rig. I am wondering (1) how large a jib i can make stand (2) how much load I give to the centres[?].
Yesterday Clinton Crane came in for lunch to tell me of his racing in Scotland. I asked him what his theory was in raking his masts on [6mRs] LANAI & REDHEAD. He said it was to save measurement in his fore triangle some what as enclosed sketch. Do you think there is anything in it. The mainsails A & B are of the same area. The fore triangle C he thought as effective for practical purposes as the fore triangles C+D. The same reaching or balloon jib would be used with either rig & to windward. He evidently thought the narrower high cut jib necessary for C as effective as the broader one that could be used for the C+D triangle. The thought is a new one to me. Would it be structurally practical to apply to CAROLINA? What are the arguments against it?; with encl. sketch" (Source: Nichols, George. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_29810. Subject Files, Folder 26, formerly 10-15. 1926-01-31.)
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"[Item Transcription:] I was very glad to get your letter of the 7th of February.
I could not see Clinton Crane's argument myself, but thought it might be my own stupidity. As you can't either, I naturally feel better about it.
I have engaged Emil Nelson for 'CAROLINA' [#721s], who will try to get two good men, and with my cook of two years ago, who wants to come back, will have a full crew.
The jib is going to be quite a big sail. I have worked one out, using the same height you have, but shortening the base line about 3 1/2 feet. I did not altogether like the result, as I feared she would carry too much weather helm. What would you think of lifting the main boom at the mast a foot or possibly 18 inches? A little measurement would be saved that way, and I do not suppose the lower part of the sail is very effective.
I have been looking over some photographs of the rig and find there is a noticeable curve aft in the middle. With the head-stay 12 feet higher, the tendency to do this would seem to increase. I asked Sidney what he thought of putting a batten on the after side to carry the track, which he said would do some good, but suggested that it might be better to saw the mast down and put an extra section in the middle, thus making it elliptical. Laterally, according to the photographs, the mast stood very straight, so I suppose it will be all right to use the same spreaders and rigging, although the head-stay will now come somewhat above the upper spreader instead of somewhat below it.
The single sheave on the main halyard was a good deal of a nuisance in that the whip was always twisting up. Starling [Burgess], for [Walter K.] Shaw [owner of #716s ANDIAMO ex-SAMURI], has worked out a contrivance with a double sheave at the masthead and a block for the head of the sail that runs on the track. Merriman is making the thing and could make me a second one at very moderate cost. I will send you the sketches and see what you think about it. If this were used, one end of the main halyard could be a straight pulling part and the other go to a jig or winch.
Will you also give me your ideas as to runner gear and jib sheets? I would like to get the details of the rig worked out as soon as I can so that any necessary blocks or material can be ordered and ready before the rush starts. I hope to get in commission by Decoration Day, or even somewhat earlier.
Janie is still off with her Father, but I hope she will be home a week from today.
We have had a great deal of snow and bad weather, and I envy you being out of it. I hope that you and Mrs. Herreshoff keep well. Please give her my kindest regards." (Source: Nichols, George. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_29840. Subject Files, Folder 26, formerly 10-15. 1926-02-24.)
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"[Item Description:] re rigging changes for #721s 'CAROLINA'" (Source: Nichols, George. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_29860. Subject Files, Folder 26, formerly 10-15. 1926-02-26.)
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"[Item Transcription:] I am glad to hear from George Cormack this morning that he highly approves the details regarding your prize [the Herreshoff Medal] as you have worked them out, and that it will be presented to the Club at the May meeting. I feel sure it will be received with great enthusiasm.
I will mail you tonight a blue-print received from Bristol showing the outline of 'CAROLINA's' [#721s] new rig. I am a little worried about the size of the jib --- not that I anticipate any serious trouble in trimming it, but because I fear the added strain on the runners and, more particularly, their chain plates.
The sketch shows a single spreader. As we already have the double spreaders and the rigging to go with them, is it worth while to make the change? The staying plan is, of course, not worked out on this sketch. Would you sketch me out your suggestion? Aside from Mr. [Walter K.] Shaw [owner of #716s ANDIAMO ex-SAMURI], who may go on the [NYYC] cruise and sail for the important Cups, it seems doubtful whether I shall have any competition, so I am hesitating a little between this rigging and your suggestion of use of the regular mast fore triangle with a triangular mainsail. In this latter case, could a wire jack stay along the after side of the mast be set up tight enough with a turn buckle in the deck to hold the mainsail from the spreaders up? Below the spreaders, regular mast hoops or a lacing could be used. Possibly above the masthead, a few hoops could also be used, that the sail could be hooked as it is hoisted by a man aloft, in such a way that they would clear themselves as it is lowered? A scheme such as this would obviate removal of the iron work on the mast and scarring it up by screwing on a track.
I do not feel it worth while to make any very serious effort to compete with Mr. Shaw, for, while I shall doubtless feel badly at the time if he walks off with the Astor and King's Cups [Nichols and CAROLINA would win the 1926 Astor Cup for sloops], the chance of his starting for them is extremely problematical. Two years ago, you will remember, he brought out his boat for a season's racing. He was involved in a protest the second time he started, and the newspapers reported his time at the finish some seconds differently from what he had timed it himself. The difference in time did not involve any difference in position, but the two circumstances combined so annoyed him that he started in only one more race that season and, if my memory serves, dropped out of that. I very much like the man personally and admire his experiments, but what he really enjoys is sailing and making port to port passages, and he is sufficiently independent in thought not to race unless he happens to feel like it when the time comes, even though he has spent a lot of time and money in preparing to do so.
Ralph Ellis [former owner of #713s IROQUOIS II] has been playing with the idea of buying back a 50 Footer, but has telegraphed me that he will not come to any decision until his arrival from California the latter part of May, and probably will not do so.
Mr. Hanan [owner of #712s SPARTAN] has talked of coming out and may very likely do so for a short time, but is not preparing a serious racing season.
Am much interested in the new 'PLEASURE' for Mr. Mallinckrodt [#1002s AIDA], and was glad to hear from Charles [Nystrom], who was here yesterday, that you had sent him instructions about her. Mr. Mallinckrodt brought me a list of second-hand boats which he was considering, but it did not seem to me that any of them was quite satisfactory to his needs, so I persuaded him to give an order for a new one, and naturally feel much interested and, to some extent, responsible.
My kindest regards to Mrs. Herreshoff.
I hope you have arranged 'PLEASURE's' [#907s] insurance to your satisfaction. If there is anything more I can do about it, please let me know." (Source: Nichols, George. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_30530. Subject Files, Folder 27, formerly 10-15. 1926-04-29.)
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"[Item Transcription:] I am very glad to receive your letter regarding
'CAROLINA' [#721s].
As there does not seem to be much chance of racing, I incline to try the short mast which will certainly be better for general sailing. Later, if racing should develop, 'CAROLINA' can return to Bristol and the long mast can be put in and stayed under your personal supervision.
Enclosed cutting describes Saturday's Larchmont race as well as I can. I have the impression that 'GRAYLING' [#966s] is going to prove a slightly better boat than 'GAME COCK' [#932s], but it is too early to say much definitely. 'GRAYLING's' mast is somewhat more limber than 'GAME COCK's', and the difficulty from the point of view of the set of the sail seems to be that it does not bend in a true curve so that in a breeze there is a hard line cross the sail from the point where the fore-stay is attached to the end of the boom. Also, of course, the mast-head goes to leeward as well as back so that we lose the driving power to some extent.
Last week, a mast which [Rufus] Murray made last year for 'SECRET' and which weighs 105 pounds came into the market. As it has not had a step cut and I found that it would fit either 'GRAYLING' or 'GAME COCK', I bought it, thinking that in our informal trials between the two boats, you might think it worth while to put it into one or the other of them to see what happens.
Junius sailed for home on Saturday and I feel sure will be greatly pleased with 'GRAYLING' and the launch [#381p?]." (Source: Nichols, George. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_29790. Subject Files, Folder 26, formerly 10-15. 1926-05-17.)
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"[Item Transcription:] I thank you for your letter of May 8th, which I should have acknowledged sooner, but have had little time to attend to yachting matters.
'CAROLINA' [#721s] has been ready to go overboard for ten days now, but has been blocked in the Yard so that I shall not have her to sail home the end of next week as I had hoped.
As I understand, you are to be home June 4th.
I have ordered her overboard, the mast stepped and rigged tentatively so that when you get home, you can go over the rigging and see that everything is right by actual trial before she leaves.
Both Charles [Nystrom] and Paine think that the present Marconi mainsail can be cut over to fit the straight mast and make a satisfactory sail. Have told them, however, not to do anything with it until you get home and can personally direct the operation. For a cruising or heavy weather sail, I think that an old mainsail can be cut over so that its head will come at about the point the fore-stay is attached to the mast. Have therefore suggested that a heavy section of track be put on at this point and also at the masthead. Have also told them to get ready a pair of light topmast back-stays which can be carried up and down the mast, when not necessary but will be available to steady the top of it should we be caught in a sea-way with short canvas.
I am sorry not to have 'CAROLINA' out, but shall have little opportunity to use her until at least the middle of June, so hope you will not mind taking charge of the job for me.
The forward strut which carried the halyard was not very practical, as the block on the end of the halyard would not in practice pass through it as intended. I think there is a good deal to be said in favor of a halyard rig with two sheaves, a block on the sail and both ends on deck. One particular advantage I hope to gain from this new rig is ability to handle the boat with a crew of four men instead of six, so want everything worked out in as handy a manner as possible.
Your sketch of a bolt for spinnaker halyard block would not be passed by our present Measurer. He made us take it off the 'GAME COCK' [#932s]." (Source: Nichols, George. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_30470. Subject Files, Folder 27, formerly 10-15. 1926-05-21.)
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"[Item Description:] I was glad to get your note this morning, it looks to me as if you would have to rig CAROLINA [#721s] to suit yourself when you get home, I have not been able to get down to Bristol & the yard is so busy with VAGRANT [#719s] & RESOLUTE [#712s] that no one has time to work out the details, the enclosed cutting from the [New York] Times tells of the reception of your [Herreshoff] prize by the [N.Y.Y.] Club, you will note there was passed a resolution favoring the preparation of scantling tables, I understand this was at the instigation of several people who are considering the building of sizable racing schooners & who have a fear of being out built by ..." (Source: Nichols, George. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_29780. Subject Files, Folder 26, formerly 10-15. 1926-05-24.)
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"[Item Transcription:] Thank you for your letter of June 23rd.
'GRAYLING' [#966s] spent last week on the ways, having the white paint scraped off and some green put on. The new paint seems to give a very good bottom and, unless it goes bad too, I shall stick to it for the rest of the season. Unfortunately the number of times I can haul is somewhat limited and it was necessary to take this drastic step rather than try a new lot of the white. I saw the white paint on 'CAROLINA' [#721s] and it seemed very good, as also does that on 'GAMECOCK' [#932s], so I am at a loss to explain its misbehavior on 'GRAYLING'.
On the question of the mast, I will try to manage to send 'GRAYLING' to Bristol, provided that before she goes there the mast is all ready to step. If Charles Nystrom can tell me when that will be, I will see what arrangements can be made to send the boat down." (Source: Morgan, Junius S. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_30960. Subject Files, Folder 29, formerly 10-15. 1926-06-28.)
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"[Item Transcription:] Am sending you under separate cover a picture of CAROLINA [#721s] racing off Marblehead on July 4th. The picture was taken within a few yards of the weather mark, which we rounded just ahead of ANDIAMO [#716s ex-SAMURI]. The breeze had been very light until about ten minutes before the picture was taken. The mainsail has three short battens only. The marks on the sail are the darker cloth where the other batten pockets were taken off.
By moving in the masthead shrouds on the spreaders and carrying them very slack, the mast stands well enough and the rig is certainly a very handy one.
I hope that you and Mrs. Herreshoff will come out on CORSAIR for the Astor Cup next week Thursday. I asked Butler [Duncan], who is Fleet Captain, to send you a formal invitation which should have included Agnes." (Source: Nichols, George. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_29710. Subject Files, Folder 26, formerly 10-15. 1926-08-10.)
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"[Item Transcription:] GAME COCK' [#932s] should have arrived in Bristol last night or at least some time today. I asked Charles [Nystrom] to have her hauled out immediately on arrival, and want to put her over Monday morning. I want to get the best racing bottom I can for the races off Newport on Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday. Generally speaking, would favor simply rubbing her down and not painting, but believe she has almost no paint on her bottom. Would much appreciate it if you would look her over and give directions as to what should be done for my account.
I now hope to take the night train from New York Sunday and to arrive in Bristol Monday morning. Janie is coming with me to visit friends in Newport while I race, so we will probably have breakfast in Providence and come down shortly after. Am looking forward to seeing you.
CAROLINA's [#721s] success on the cruise under your rig has persuaded Clinton Crane, who has bought GRAYLING [#715s], Harry Maxwell and Hanan [#712s SPARTAN] to do something similar for next season, and has also, I understand, shown Harold Vanderbilt and others the advantages of the sloop rig. I hope the Yard will get some work out of this latter interest, but understand Harold has already been talking with you about it, so you doubtless know more than I do." (Source: Nichols, George. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_29720. Subject Files, Folder 26, formerly 10-15. 1926-09-09.)
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"[Item Description:] [on 'Eleven Thomas Street' stationery, indicating this to have come from George Nichols:] Mr. [Clinton] Crane has sent me a sketch of the [marconi] rig he designed for #715s GRAYLING, rating, staying arrangement, #721s CAROLINA II, with Crane [#715s IBIS ex-GRAYLING], Maxwell [#717s BARBARA], Hanan [#712s SPARTAN] and possibly Ralph Ellis [#713s IROQUOIS II] against me next season I shall have to be careful [incomplete, possibly not completely scanned, part of a group of documents pinned together with George Nichols to NGH letter of October 30, 1926 being the topmost letter]" (Source: Nichols, George. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MRRT_200. Unidentif. / Non-Cataloged, Folder MRRT. 1926-10-30.)
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"[Item Description:] blue slip of paper labeled '[#715s] GRAYLING - Crane's sail plan' with dimensions, also mentioning #721s CAROLINA II [possibly incomplete, possibly not completely scanned, part of a group of documents pinned together with George Nichols to NGH letter of October 30, 1926 being the topmost letter]" (Source: Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MRRT_210. Letter. Unidentif. / Non-Cataloged, Folder MRRT. No date (ca1926-10-30).)
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"[Item Description:] blueprint of Mr. [Clinton] Crane]s sailplan for [#715s GRAYLING] came to hand yesterday, staying of the mast is quite impressive, although the high narrow mainsail is effective when the mainsheet is down hard, it is a question in my mind if it is so practical sail as a somewhat lower and broader one for general racing that is considering reaching & running, of course for cruising there is no doubt but a sail of the proportions you had last summer is better, rule for mast limit is too high, your long straightened mast [for #721s CAROLINA II] is nearly 96ft and just about the limit, as I would layout a sail plan to use this mast I would make [dimensions], layout for another sail plan with mast moved aft principle advantage being the mast would be better stayed and the hull relieved of some of the wrenching stress, a consideration now that the hulls are getting along in years and are probably beginning to loose some strength [apparently incomplete, possibly not completely scanned, part of a group of documents pinned together with George Nichols to NGH letter of October 30, 1926 being the topmost letter]" (Source: Herreshoff, N.G. Correspondence (blueprint) to Nichols, George. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MRRT_220. Unidentif. / Non-Cataloged, Folder MRRT. 1926-11-09.)
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"[Item Description:] #721s CAROLINA's rig, comparison of NGH's design with Clinton Crane's design for #715s GRAYLING" (Source: Nichols, George. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_16740. Correspondence, Folder 44, formerly 143. 1927-01-05.)
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"[Item Description:] Crane ordered design as matter of information from L. Francis Herreshoff but Harold Vanderbilt was not interested possibly because great overall length, low ends and canoe stern did not appeal to him, am glad you feel it not all up with the NY50s yet, they will sail in 46ft rating class, promises to be keen class, Clinton Crane #715s IBIS ex-GRAYLING, Harding bought #713s IROQUOIS II, Hanan #712s SPARTAN, have not seen new Scantling Rules, hope you will criticize them, NYYC had nothing further to do with them, ABS took it up from that point and the Rules are theirs, incl. NGH reply: comparing ex-NY50s against coming M class and Harold Vanderbilt's new Burgess boat [#1058s PRESTIGE], my present study uses as much of your two rigs [for #721s CAROLINA II], new sails are faster than old ones even if old ones set equally well possibly because new canvas is more air tight, experiment by filling pores of old sails with some fine material could be carried out with R-boat or converted NY50s but require considerable time spent by 2 well matched crews to get clonclusions, detailed suggestions for CAROLINA, advise to dispence with quarterlifts entirely and have a single boom lift instead, if lazy lines required when cruising have eyes each side of mast only about 25ft up to hook blocks into and from there to boom, this arrangement saves a whole lot of trouble from the sailbattens, I made this change on #907s PLEASURE and found it vastly better [part of a group of documents pinned together with George Nichols to NGH letter of October 30, 1926 being the topmost letter]" (Source: Nichols, George (incl NGH reply). Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MRRT_230. Unidentif. / Non-Cataloged, Folder MRRT. 1927-02-28.)
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"[Item Transcription:] Dear Mr. Nat,
your most interesting letter of 8th came yesterday. I greatly appreciate the thought you are giving CAROLINA [#721s]. Charles [Nystrom] and Tom [Brightman] worked out a cost of moving the mast of some $3,000 which seemed to me more than the charge was worth. The principal item of expense being due to the fact that the new position was through the galley & required quite a lot of internal rearrangement. I therefore worked out the sketch enclosed [see WRDT04_01860] which retains the same centres as the single jib rig you worked out for me last fall and requires nothing new but the fore stay. The 4ft rake in the mast would [p. 2] mean cutting the step 3in forward.
It figures as follows: [calculations]
Since receipt of your letter I have figured that bu cutting the main boom to 42ft 8in (42.66) I would get the following: [calculations]
This would give 4 1/2 feet more height for spinnaker & balloon jib and balance would be maintained by slightly more rake to the mast.
I have indicated in red the [p. 3] rig of Harold [Vanderbilt]s new boat [#1058s PRESTIGE]. I have never cared for the raking mast but I can of course guy off the boom in very light weather & perhaps the lessened tendency of the leach to fall in would be a compensatory advantage. As the boom is relatively heavier & the av[era]g[e] wind relatively lighter than in an R boat it might be reasoned that the short boom is less disadvantageous. Any way the proportion is better tan in the new boat or the new R's for that matter.
The extra height of the fore triangle should be an advantage. [p. 4]
As to staying I enclose tracing of your plan of 1919 with suggested alterations in red. This would use the present rigging & I should hope do away with the need of threading the jib topsail sheet through the rigging above the spreaders which is a nuisance.
You may think both these plans of mine are foolish & if you do will of course say so. I would be glad of a prompt answer because the yard is pushing me for a decision & Gust Olsen has arrived & should be at work on the rigging. He is scraping blocks at the moment, to keep him out of mischief.
As to sails I have two that can be recut. The one you made in 1919 [p. 5] which has literally only been set half a dozen times & a gaff mainsail made by Ratsey & used one cruise.
Ratsey made such a good job last year of putting a new head in a very old sail he ought to do even better with a relatively new one. These sails have been used so little they ought to be quite wind tight.
The baby arrived last Sunday, a girl of 8 pounds 15 oz. She is named Henrietta Mary for Janie's aunt Mrs Crosby & my mother. As my brother Jack has a [p. 6] daughter named Mary Blake, directly for my mother, we could not so the same much as would have liked.
Sincerely yours, ...
All goes well both with Janie & the baby!" (Source: Nichols, George. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_16640. Correspondence, Folder 44, formerly 143. 1927-03-12.)
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"[Item Description:] Penciled sketched sailplan of a marconi-rigged New York 50 with alternative mast position and raked penciled in in red. Untitled, marked in lower right corner 'CAROLINA [#721s] 3/16in = 1ft. Rake of mast 4ft'. Undated (compare with letter from George Nichols to NGH dated March 12, 1927 which references this drawing and shows that it was prepared by him)." (Source: Nichols, George (creator). Penciled Sailplan. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Acc. 2004.0001.0315. WRDT04, Folder 28, formerly MRDE09. No date (1927-03-12 or slightly earlier).)
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"[Item Transcription:] I was very glad to have your letter of March 15th, and have been worse than you in delay of reply.
You may be perfectly sure the New York Yacht Club would be delighted to publish your scantling rules as yours if you should ever want them to do so. I should like to have them published before some foolish rules have been adopted.
I am glad you think my sail plan sketch is practical and have gone ahead with it. Its advantage is that it requires almost nothing new. The mainsail can be easily recut. The rake of the mast is for balance only.
Another year when the responsibility for the Yacht Club is off my shoulders I can perhaps shift the mast & make CAROLINA [#721s] frankly into a fast cruiser. Now that the children are getting big enough to go sailing I get more pleasure out of spending my Saturday afternoons with them than in living up to a racing schedule. I did see PLEASURE [#907s] advertised in Yachting & you have doubtless sold her if you have any real sailing men in Florida." (Source: Nichols, George. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_16620. Correspondence, Folder 44, formerly 143. 1927-03-27.)
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"[Item Description:] need new scantling rules as protection to those who have built against being beaten by very light and expensive construction, this is like the staysail schooner where everyone wanted to remove all limits on sails between the masts and one season pretty much killed schooner racing, Sidney has sketched out #721s CAROLINA's rig" (Source: Nichols, George. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_16600. Correspondence, Folder 44, formerly 143. 1927-04-12.)
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"[Item Transcription:] [Printed circular, two sheets of paper:] New York Yacht Club The Cruise 1927
Additional Racing Instructions Run From Huntington To New London—16Th August
In case of no wind at Huntington at the proposed time of the Start on the 16th August, the following signals will be made by the Flagship: etc. ... [Plus printed circular:] New York Yacht Club
List of yachts, measurement certificates of which were on file with the Race Committee on August 1, 1927, which will be valid for the Cruise.
SCHOONERS: C Class
C 2 OHONKARA [#827s]
C 7 VAGRANT [#719s]
C 3 VANITIE
D Class: D 25 ADVANCE
D 7 CONSTANCE
D 22 WILDFIRE [#891s]
D 5 LYNX
E Class: E 4 AURELIA
E 9 QUEEN MAB [#698s]
E16 SHAWNA
F Class: F3 CURLEW
F 4 MARY ROSE [#954s]
F 1 PLEIONE [#714s]
F 11 CACHALOT
G Class: S.C. 11 CLYTIE
S.C. 12 NADJI
S.C. 9 NOKOMIS
S.C. 6 SEVEN SEAS
G 1 WANDERER IX
G 7 MALABAR VII
H Class: H 3 FLYING FISH
H 2 ADVENTURER
KETCH: H 7 ANGELICA
SLOOPS
J Class: J 1 KATOURA [#1050s]
L.0. Class: L.0. 1 GEORGIA
L.0. 4 GREY DAWN
L.0. 5 MIRAGE
L.0. 3 NIMBUS
M Class: M 5 CAROLINA [#721s]
M 3 CHIORA [#713s ex-IROQUOIS II]
M 38 DOLLY
M 4 IBIS [#715s ex-GRAYLING]
M 1 PRESTIGE [#1058s]
M 6 SPARTAN [#712s]
10 Meter Class: 10M 9 BLAZING STAR
10M 7 BRANTA
10M 4 CYTHERA
10M 11 DRAGON
10M 8 ESQUILA
10M 6 NARCISSUS
10M 14 NAUTILUS
10M 10 RAEBURN
10M 12 REDHEAD
10M 10 REVENGE
10M 13 SHAWARA
10M 3 SYNTHETIC
10M 1 TWILIGHT
10M 5 VALENCIA
N Class: N 2 ALICE
P Class: P 1 BUTTERFLY [#586s ex-NELLIE]
50 Class: N. Y. Y. C. 52 ANDIAMO [#716s ex-SAMURI]
40 Class: N. Y. Y. C. 42 COCKATOO [#775s ex-DOLLY BOWEN]
N. Y. Y. C. 50 MARILEE [#955s]
N. Y. Y. C. 46 MISTRAL [#774s]
N. Y. Y. C. 47 PAMPERO [#781s ex-PAMPARO]
N. Y. Y. C. 45 TYPHOON [#773s ex-MAISIE]
N. Y. Y. C. 49 ROWDY* [#776s]
30 Class: N. Y. 1 ALERA [#626s]
N. Y. 7 ALICE [#632s ex-TABASCO]
N. Y. 9 AMORITA [#635s ex-ADELAIDE II]
N. Y. 15 BANZAI [#640s]
N. Y. 4 INTERLUDE [#629s ex-MAID OF MEUDON]
N. Y. 5 LENA [#630s ex-PINTAIL]
N. Y. 11 ORIOLE [#637s]
N. Y. 13 PHANTOM [#648s ex-MINX]
N. Y. 17 PHRYNE (Rig changed to jib-headed mainsail.) [#643s]
Q Class: F. I. S. 3 CHANCE [#1059s]
F. I. S. 1 CYRILLA II [#1054s]
F. I. S. 2 JUDY [#1055s]
F. I. S. 4 MAMEENA [#1060s]
YAWLS M Class: N. Y. 51 REVERY [#720s ex-ACUSHLA]
M 1 RUGOSA II [#983s]
... August 1, 1827. [Compared to the equivalent list from 1924 the number of boats has increased from 49 to 73, while the number of Herreshoff-built yachts has shrunk from 37 to 32 or 44%.] [Incl envelope from Race Committee NYYC to NGH, labeled in red 'Rating & allowance' and postmarked August 4, 1927.]" (Source: NYYC. Correspondence (circular) to Members. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_73330. Measuring and Measurement Rules (Box 2), Folder B2F07, formerly MRDE15. 1927-08-01.)
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"[Item Description:] have ordered new mainsail for #721s CAROLINA and now have entire set of new sails, have done well in the races, agreed to race against #1058s PRESTIGE and #713s CHIORA ex-IROQUOIS but unfortunately hit a sunken wreck when towing and damaged lead keel, am interested in your opinion of #1050s KATOURA [owned by Robert E. Tod] and PRESTIGE, glad that your are helping Mr. Tod for I, too, feel sorry for him, CORSAIR will be at the races and I hope you will come and join her" (Source: Nichols, George. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_18790. Correspondence, Folder 51, formerly 54. 1927-08-27.)
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"[Item Transcription:] In drawing up the scantling amendment for submission to the Club the limit for the use of your tables was extended from the original 50 feet to the top of classes F and M, or to approximately 55 feet water-line. I have computed the tables for the fundamental factors: running from 3 to 12.9, which should be ample to cover all cases that may arise under the limitations as proposed.
These tables have been set up in type, together with the preliminary statements, notation, etc., as given in your papers, and I am enclosing a copy of this for your advice as to form, correctness, etc. I would very much like to have you work out an example of an actual boat with these tables, and have you apply it to determining some of the principal scantlings from the rest of your manuscript. Such an example should be included, I think, in the final book of Rules.
As soon as you have checked these tables and have worked out an example, I can have the rest of the manuscript set up and made ready for the press.
I found your missing letter among the papers attached to the notes of the Committee meeting held while I was in Boston, and I have checked your proposed mast limitations against those adopted by the Committee. According to the Committee formula for a yawl (1.50 * sq-rt(SA) * 5), a 'Fifty' [New York 50] rigged as a yawl and carrying enough additional sail to rate with the 'CAROLINA' [#721s] at 46 would have a mast only 4.6 feet shorter than the sloop, and the extra sail would amount to about 450 square feet. would not this put the yawl on fairly even terms with the sloop?
According to your formulas, the yawl rigged 'Fifty' could either cut only 4 feet from her mast and carry only about 250 square feet additional sail, or if she added 450 square feet, she would have to cut some 6.3 feet from her mainmast. Of course, your formulas allow both sloop and yawl less height of mast than do the Committee formulas: the present limitation of a sloop rigged 'Fifty' is 96.1, while your formula would allow only 89.8 feet. Personally I think that the present height allowed is too great, and that your limitations are much nearer correct, but not a single member of the Committee agrees with me. [Inc NGH draft reply:] In reply to yours of 23rd ult. I have undertaken to make an example of application of construction rules, as you quite properly suggested, and find I am somewhat embarrassed in not having the corrected copy of manuscript, as it was finally given Mr. Cormack for I find my original notes were not corrected. When the type is set up and you can send me copies of proof sheets it will help me.
As far as i can see the proof sheets of general proposition and notation is as you have corrected is all right. As to appearance of tables would it not be better if instead of grouped as now with two whole numbers deep to make them three numbers deep --- leaving 2 numbers blank in last columns? This would give opportunity to extend the table to 14.9 and to accommodate yachts up to about 70' w.l. if deemed necessary in the future.
It is quite possible the coefficient of 140[? 1.49?] in my suggested limitations of masts in single stickers is too small and that 1.45*sq-rt(S)+B would be more nearly correct *or better still 1.18*sq-rt(S)+2B) as it would give yachts of large beam taller masts, just as it should be. Assuming the length of mizzen mast is 2 1/4 times sq-rt(area of mizzen), then 450 sqft sail w[ou]ld call for a 47 3/4 ft mast. If single mast limit on a 50 is 92.2 then
92.2^3 = 783777
47.75^3 = 108873
87.72^3 = 674904
87.72/92.3 = .953 = percentage of racing measurement. (The difference in mast length is 4.5ft.)
A 50ft yawl with 450 sqft mizzen will have, to racing measurement of[?] stick[?] up[?] equal sail area.
Our present system of classification by racing measurement to my mind is not correct. The classification should be by L or corrected length, but with time allowance based on time[?] allowance." (Source: Poor, Charles Lane (incl NGH reply). Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_73260. Measuring and Measurement Rules (Box 2), Folder B2F06, formerly MRDE15. 1927-11-23.)
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"[Item Description:] Bob [Emmons] death has shocked us all, do not plan to bring out #721s CAROLINA, would like to have competed against #1058s PRESTIGE, Gust Olsen now with #1050s KATOURA now BLACKSHEAR, #1078s THISTLE was to be launched tomorrow but launch was postponed 5 days, Harding has sold #713s CHIORA ex-IROQOUIS II to Mrs. Chandler Hovey, #698s QUEEN MAB ex-VAGRANT I set a standard to LYNX that she could not live up to" (Source: Nichols, George. Letter to N.G. Herreshoff. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_06500. Correspondence, Folder 23, formerly 207. 1928-04-27.)
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"[Item Description:] HMCo 1932 status report, eleven FI-23 for use at Fishers Island, Marblehead and other, #1226s YAWLCAT, VANITIE, WEETAMOE, #1227s TSANA, #1229s LONE STAR, #1228s BETSY, #721s CAROLINA II, 12 1/2-footers, S-boats, frostbiters, repair work, plant improvement in the absence of other profitable work and to keep employees, Walker's Cove property was purchased" (Source: Haffenreffer, C.W. Letter to Herreshoff Manufacturing Co. Stockholders. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum Item MR_51670. Subject Files, Folder [no #]. 1933-02-03.)
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"[Item Description:] Penciled sketch titled (apparently by NGH) 'Proposed main halyard for CAROLINA [#721s]'." (Source: Herreshoff, N.G. (?) (creator). Sketch. MIT Museum, Hart Nautical Collections, Haffenreffer-Herreshoff Collection Item HH.6.125. Box HAFH.6.4B, Folder Detail Sketches. 1933-02-17.)
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Note: This list of archival documents contains in an unedited form any and all which mention #721s Carolina II even if just in a cursory way. Permission to digitize, transcribe and display is gratefully acknowledged.

• Kleinhans, Lewis. "New York 40s and 50s." In: Schoettle, Edwin J. Sailing Craft. New York, 1928, p. 229-243. (3,032 kB)
  Document is copyrighted: No known copyright restrictions. Class description and history. New York 50 sailing regulations.
• van der Linde, Claas. [Layered Comparison of Model and Plan to Demonstrate Shortening of New York 50 by Two Feet after the model had been made.] February 25, 2022. (747 kB)
  Document is copyrighted: Yes, used with permission. Copyright holder: Claas van der Linde. Clinton Crane, in his 1952 'Yachting Memories' (p. 102) wrote 'In the New York Fifties [NGH] shortened the stern to bring them inside the amount which the new owners were willing to pay, so that they were never as good looking as they might have been.' This shortening by 24 inches can be seen by overlaying the construction plan with the model which then clearly shows the model's slender stern extending beyond the boat's plan profile. At HMCo vessel profiles for a plan were usually created by simply placing the model onto the plan and then tracing a pencil around the model's outline. It appears that the extended stern on this drawing was then simply erased --- hence the spot of lighter color at the transom. This is a layered document which allows clicking on and off overlaid transparent layers to reveal different parts of the image.

• Carolina (HMCo-made index card)
• Carolina (MIT Museum-made index card)
• Note: The vessel index cards comprise two sets of a total of some 3200 cards about vessels built by HMCo, with dimensions and information regarding drawings, later or former vessel names, and owners. They were compiled from HMCo's early days until 1920 and added to in later decades, apparently by Hart Nautical curator William A. Baker and his successors. While HMCo seems to have used only one set of index cards, all sorted by name and, where no name was available, by number, later users at MIT apparently divided them into two sets of cards, one sorted by vessel name, the other by vessel number and greatly expanded the number of cards. Original HMCo cards are usually lined and almost always punched with a hole at bottom center while later cards usually have no hole, are unlined, and often carry substantially less information. All cards are held by the Francis Russell Hart Nautical Collections of the MIT Museum in Cambridge, Mass.

Name: Carolina
Type: Cutter
Length: 50'
Owner: Jones, Pembroke

Source: Herreshoff Manufacturing Company. "A Partial List of Herreshoff Clients." In: Herreshoff Manufacturing Company. Herreshoff Yachts. Bristol, Rhode Island, ca. 1931.

• Carolina
• Note: The L. Francis Herreshoff index cards comprise a set of some 1200 cards about vessels built by HMCo, with dimensions and / or ownership information. Apparently compiled in the early 1930s, for later HMCo-built boats like the Fishers Island 23s or the Northeast Harbor 30s are not included. Added to in later decades, apparently by L. F. Herreshoff as well as his long-time secretary Muriel Vaughn and others. Also 46 cards of L. F. Herreshoff-designed vessels. The original set of index cards is held by the Herreshoff Marine Museum and permission to display is gratefully acknowledged.

Name: Carolina
Type: 50' sloop
Owner: Pembroke Jones
Year: 1913
Row No.: 106

Source: Herreshoff, L. Francis. "Partial List of Herreshoff-Built Boats." In: Herreshoff, L. Francis. Capt. Nat Herreshoff. The Wizard of Bristol. New York, 1953, p. 325-343.

Month: Jan
Day: 24
Year: 1913
E/P/S: S
No.: 0721
Name: Carolina
LW: 50'
B: 14' 7"
D: 9' 9"
Rig: Cutter
K: y
Ballast: Lead O.
Amount: 14520.00
Notes Constr. Record: 711 class. Single head rig
Last Name: Jones
First Name: Pembroke

Source: Vermilya, Peter and Maynard Bray. "Transcription of the HMCo. Construction Record." Unpublished database, ca. 2000.

Note: The transcription of the HMCo Construction Record by Peter Vermilya and Maynard Bray was performed independently (and earlier) than that by Claas van der Linde. A comparison of the two transcriptions can be particularly useful in those many cases where the handwriting in the Construction Record is difficult to decipher.

"Universal Rule Class M by 1927." (Source: van der Linde, Claas. March 7, 2009.)

"See also: Burgess-Donaldson Collection, Coll. 11, Daniel S. Gregory Ships Plans Library, Mystic Seaport Museum, Inc. 11.11. 1 sheet of plans for re-rig of 72 ft. New York 50, CAROLINA, design #85 by Burgess, Rigg & Morgan, Ltd. Date on plan is 03-25-1927. Original vessel designed by Nathanael G. Herreshoff.; 1913." (Source: van der Linde, Claas. August 13, 2010.)

"Sail number 55 in 1916 with the numeral in black and the initials N.Y.Y.C. in a semi-circle half way around the numerals and above as per the New York Herald of May 17, 1916, p. 13." (Source: van der Linde, Claas. March 11, 2012.)

"Sail no. M-5 in 1928 as per Rudder, August 1928, p. 102." (Source: van der Linde, Claas. February 3, 2015.)

"Carolina's owner, Pembroke Jones, had been a founder of the Carolina Rice Milling Company of Wilmington, NC which later became part of the Standard Rice Company of New York of which Pembroke was president." (Source: van der Linde, Claas. November 30, 2017.)

"Built in 116 days (contract to launch; equivalent to $125/day, 645 lbs displacement/day)." (Source: van der Linde, Claas. January 16, 2024.)

"Sail area 3416 sqft from untitled two-page rating-rule-related table handwritten (in ink) by N. G. Herreshoff with multiple dimensions for the most important Herreshoff-designed yachts. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum. MRDE15, Folder [no #]. Undated (the most recent boat dates 1914/1915 and the table was probably prepared in preparation for NGH's sail area rating rule of 1914/1915)." (Source: van der Linde, Claas. September 16, 2020.)

"Displacement 1169 cubic foot [= 74,816 lbs] from untitled two-page rating-rule-related table handwritten (in ink) by N. G. Herreshoff with multiple dimensions for the most important Herreshoff-designed yachts. Halsey C. Herreshoff Collection at the Herreshoff Marine Museum. MRDE15, Folder [no #]. Undated (the most recent boat dates 1914/1915 and the table was probably prepared in preparation for NGH's sail area rating rule of 1914/1915)." (Source: van der Linde, Claas. September 16, 2020.)

"Displacement is about 74,000 lb. of which about 35,500 lb. is the lead ballast." (Source: McClave, Ed. "The Restoration of the HMCo 'New York Fifty' Spartan." In: Herreshoff Marine Museum (Publisher). Proceedings. The Classic Yacht Symposium 2010. Bristol, R.I. 2010, p. 149-158.)

Note: Research notes contain information about a vessel that is often random and unedited but has been deemed useful for future research.